Papers › Unified Language Model Pre-training for Natural Language Understanding and Generation

Unified Language Model Pre-training for Natural Language Understanding and Generation

8 May 2019NeurIPS 2019 12arXiv:1905.03197archive 2025-07-28

Li Dong, Nan Yang, Wenhui Wang, Furu Wei, Xiaodong Liu, Yu Wang, Jianfeng Gao, Ming Zhou, Hsiao-Wuen Hon

This paper presents a new Unified pre-trained Language Model (UniLM) that can be fine-tuned for both natural language understanding and generation tasks. The model is pre-trained using three types of language modeling tasks: unidirectional, bidirectional, and sequence-to-sequence prediction. The unified modeling is achieved by employing a shared Transformer network and utilizing specific self-attention masks to control what context the prediction conditions on. UniLM compares favorably with BERT on the GLUE benchmark, and the SQuAD 2.0 and CoQA question answering tasks. Moreover, UniLM achieves new state-of-the-art results on five natural language generation datasets, including improving the CNN/DailyMail abstractive summarization ROUGE-L to 40.51 (2.04 absolute improvement), the Gigaword abstractive summarization ROUGE-L to 35.75 (0.86 absolute improvement), the CoQA generative question answering F1 score to 82.5 (37.1 absolute improvement), the SQuAD question generation BLEU-4 to 22.12 (3.75 absolute improvement), and the DSTC7 document-grounded dialog response generation NIST-4 to 2.67 (human performance is 2.65). The code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/microsoft/unilm.

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Code

microsoft/unilm officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorch report
KnightZhang625/BERT_TF mentioned on GitHubtf report
LeonZh0u/Chatbot mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
YunwenTechnology/Unilm mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
facebookresearch/data2vec_vision mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
jiaruncao/BioCopyMechanism mentioned on GitHub report
robinsongh381/unilm_pytorch_korean mentioned on GitHubpytorch report

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Tasks

Abstractive Text SummarizationDocument SummarizationGenerative Question AnsweringLanguage ModelingLanguage ModellingNatural Language UnderstandingQuestion AnsweringQuestion GenerationQuestion-GenerationResponse GenerationText GenerationText Summarization

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

Liu et al. Corpus

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail UniLM ROUGE-1 43.08 #25 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail UniLM ROUGE-2 20.43 #25 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Abstractive Text Summarization CNN / Daily Mail UniLM ROUGE-L 40.34 #25 of 53 Archive leaderboard report
Document Summarization CNN / Daily Mail UniLM (Abstractive Summarization) ROUGE-1 43.08 #13 of 26 Archive leaderboard report
Document Summarization CNN / Daily Mail UniLM (Abstractive Summarization) ROUGE-2 20.43 #13 of 26 Archive leaderboard report
Document Summarization CNN / Daily Mail UniLM (Abstractive Summarization) ROUGE-L 40.34 #13 of 26 Archive leaderboard report
Generative Question Answering CoQA UniLM F1-Score 82.5 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation SQuAD1.1 UniLM BLEU-4 22.78 #8 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation SQuAD1.1 UniLM METEOR 25.1 #8 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Question Generation SQuAD1.1 UniLM ROUGE-L 51.1 #8 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord UniLM ROUGE-1 38.90 #18 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord UniLM ROUGE-2 20.05 #18 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord UniLM ROUGE-L 36.00 #18 of 41 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionAttention DropoutBERTBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerLinear Warmup With Linear DecayMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerReLUResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformerWeight DecayWordPiece

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