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Understanding the Impact of Competing Events on Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Estimation from Time-to-Event Data

23 Feb 2023arXiv:2302.12718archive 2025-07-28

Alicia Curth, Mihaela van der Schaar

We study the problem of inferring heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) from time-to-event data in the presence of competing events. Albeit its great practical relevance, this problem has received little attention compared to its counterparts studying HTE estimation without time-to-event data or competing events. We take an outcome modeling approach to estimating HTEs, and consider how and when existing prediction models for time-to-event data can be used as plug-in estimators for potential outcomes. We then investigate whether competing events present new challenges for HTE estimation -- in addition to the standard confounding problem --, and find that, because there are multiple definitions of causal effects in this setting -- namely total, direct and separable effects --, competing events can act as an additional source of covariate shift depending on the desired treatment effect interpretation and associated estimand. We theoretically analyze and empirically illustrate when and how these challenges play a role when using generic machine learning prediction models for the estimation of HTEs.

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counterfactual_survival_prob_from_discrete_hazard_model vanderschaarlab/compcate/src/compcate/dgp/data_utils.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · b342dc675e1b77e4 · report
get_survivors_from_data vanderschaarlab/compcate/src/compcate/dgp/data_utils.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · 41f189a0b3b78309 · report
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rmse vanderschaarlab/compcate/src/compcate/experiments/experiment_utils.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · 78f2721cc89ba916 · report
short_to_long vanderschaarlab/compcate/src/compcate/dgp/data_utils.py official repository unverified MIT (permissive) · ea5d51cc7b6402aa · report

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Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Estimation

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