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Ultra-High-Resolution Detector Simulation with Intra-Event Aware GAN and Self-Supervised Relational Reasoning

7 Mar 2023arXiv:2303.08046archive 2025-07-28

Hosein Hashemi, Nikolai Hartmann, Sahand Sharifzadeh, James Kahn, Thomas Kuhr

Simulating high-resolution detector responses is a computationally intensive process that has long been challenging in Particle Physics. Despite the ability of generative models to streamline it, full ultra-high-granularity detector simulation still proves to be difficult as it contains correlated and fine-grained information. To overcome these limitations, we propose Intra-Event Aware Generative Adversarial Network (IEA-GAN). IEA-GAN presents a Relational Reasoning Module that approximates an event in detector simulation, generating contextualized high-resolution full detector responses with a proper relational inductive bias. IEA-GAN also introduces a Self-Supervised intra-event aware loss and Uniformity loss, significantly enhancing sample fidelity and diversity. We demonstrate IEA-GAN's application in generating sensor-dependent images for the ultra-high-granularity Pixel Vertex Detector (PXD), with more than 7.5 M information channels at the Belle II Experiment. Applications of this work span from Foundation Models for high-granularity detector simulation, such as at the HL-LHC (High Luminosity LHC), to simulation-based inference and fine-grained density estimation. To our knowledge, IEA-GAN is the first algorithm for faithful ultra-high-granularity full detector simulation with event-based reasoning.

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Conditional Image GenerationDensity EstimationInductive BiasMetric LearningRelational ReasoningSelf-Supervised Learning

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1x1 ConvolutionAbsolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBPEBatch NormalizationBigGAN-deepBottleneck Residual BlockConditional Batch NormalizationContrastive LearningConvolutionDense ConnectionsDropoutEarly StoppingFeedforward NetworkGAN Hinge LossLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionNon-Local BlockNon-Local OperationOff-Diagonal Orthogonal RegularizationPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerProjection DiscriminatorReLUResidual ConnectionSAGANSoftmaxSpectral NormalizationTTURTransformerTruncation Trick

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