Papers › Turning Tables: Generating Examples from Semi-structured Tables for Endowing Language...

Turning Tables: Generating Examples from Semi-structured Tables for Endowing Language Models with Reasoning Skills

15 Jul 2021ACL 2022 5arXiv:2107.07261archive 2025-07-28

Ori Yoran, Alon Talmor, Jonathan Berant

Models pre-trained with a language modeling objective possess ample world knowledge and language skills, but are known to struggle in tasks that require reasoning. In this work, we propose to leverage semi-structured tables, and automatically generate at scale question-paragraph pairs, where answering the question requires reasoning over multiple facts in the paragraph. We add a pre-training step over this synthetic data, which includes examples that require 16 different reasoning skills such as number comparison, conjunction, and fact composition. To improve data efficiency, we propose sampling strategies that focus training on reasoning skills the model is currently lacking. We evaluate our approach on three reading comprehension datasets that are focused on reasoning, and show that our model, PReasM, substantially outperforms T5, a popular pre-trained encoder-decoder model. Moreover, sampling examples based on current model errors leads to faster training and higher overall performance.

PaperPDFConference PDFCode

In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

Code

oriyor/turning_tables officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHub report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

Not run by Syntology. Nothing on this page verifies that the listed code works.

Tasks

DecoderLanguage ModelingLanguage ModellingReading ComprehensionWorld Knowledge

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

No leaderboard rows for this paper in the archive.

Methods

AdafactorAttentionAttention DropoutBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutGated Linear UnitInverse Square Root ScheduleLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionResidual ConnectionSentencePieceSoftmaxT5

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections