Papers › Tree Space Prototypes: Another Look at Making Tree Ensembles Interpretable

Tree Space Prototypes: Another Look at Making Tree Ensembles Interpretable

22 Nov 2016arXiv:1611.07115archive 2025-07-28

Sarah Tan, Matvey Soloviev, Giles Hooker, Martin T. Wells

Ensembles of decision trees perform well on many problems, but are not interpretable. In contrast to existing approaches in interpretability that focus on explaining relationships between features and predictions, we propose an alternative approach to interpret tree ensemble classifiers by surfacing representative points for each class -- prototypes. We introduce a new distance for Gradient Boosted Tree models, and propose new, adaptive prototype selection methods with theoretical guarantees, with the flexibility to choose a different number of prototypes in each class. We demonstrate our methods on random forests and gradient boosted trees, showing that the prototypes can perform as well as or even better than the original tree ensemble when used as a nearest-prototype classifier. In a user study, humans were better at predicting the output of a tree ensemble classifier when using prototypes than when using Shapley values, a popular feature attribution method. Hence, prototypes present a viable alternative to feature-based explanations for tree ensembles.

PaperPDFCode

In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

Code

shftan/tree_ensemble_distance officialmentioned on GitHubBSD-3-Clause report
loft-br/xgboost-survival-embeddings mentioned on GitHubApache-2.0 report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

Not run by Syntology. Nothing on this page verifies that the listed code works.

Tasks

Prototype Selection

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

No leaderboard rows for this paper in the archive.

Methods

Interpretability

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections