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Transport phenomena in electrolyte solutions: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics

29 Jun 2020arXiv:2006.16164links table onlyarchive 2025-07-28

Kara D. Fong, Helen K. Bergstrom, Bryan D. McCloskey, Kranthi K. Mandadapu

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The theory of transport phenomena in multicomponent electrolyte solutions is presented here through the integration of continuum mechanics, electromagnetism, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The governing equations of irreversible thermodynamics, including balance laws, Maxwell's equations, internal entropy production, and linear laws relating the thermodynamic forces and fluxes, are derived. Green-Kubo relations for the transport coefficients connecting electrochemical potential gradients and diffusive fluxes are obtained in terms of the flux-flux time correlations. The relationship between the derived transport coefficients and those of the Stefan-Maxwell and infinitely dilute frameworks are presented, and the connection between the transport matrix and experimentally measurable quantities is described. To exemplify application of the derived Green-Kubo relations in molecular simulations, the matrix of transport coefficients for lithium and chloride ions in dimethyl sulfoxide is computed using classical molecular dynamics and compared with experimental measurements.

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