Papers › Transfer Learning for Causal Effect Estimation

Transfer Learning for Causal Effect Estimation

16 May 2023arXiv:2305.09126archive 2025-07-28

Song Wei, Hanyu Zhang, Ronald Moore, Rishikesan Kamaleswaran, Yao Xie

We present a Transfer Causal Learning (TCL) framework when target and source domains share the same covariate/feature spaces, aiming to improve causal effect estimation accuracy in limited data. Limited data is very common in medical applications, where some rare medical conditions, such as sepsis, are of interest. Our proposed method, named \texttt{ℓ₁-TCL}, incorporates ℓ₁ regularized TL for nuisance models (e.g., propensity score model); the TL estimator of the nuisance parameters is plugged into downstream average causal/treatment effect estimators (e.g., inverse probability weighted estimator). We establish non-asymptotic recovery guarantees for the \texttt{ℓ₁-TCL} with generalized linear model (GLM) under the sparsity assumption in the high-dimensional setting, and demonstrate the empirical benefits of \texttt{ℓ₁-TCL} through extensive numerical simulation for GLM and recent neural network nuisance models. Our method is subsequently extended to real data and generates meaningful insights consistent with medical literature, a case where all baseline methods fail.

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