Papers › Towards Realistic Semi-Supervised Learning

Towards Realistic Semi-Supervised Learning

5 Jul 2022arXiv:2207.02269archive 2025-07-28

Mamshad Nayeem Rizve, Navid Kardan, Mubarak Shah

Deep learning is pushing the state-of-the-art in many computer vision applications. However, it relies on large annotated data repositories, and capturing the unconstrained nature of the real-world data is yet to be solved. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) complements the annotated training data with a large corpus of unlabeled data to reduce annotation cost. The standard SSL approach assumes unlabeled data are from the same distribution as annotated data. Recently, a more realistic SSL problem, called open-world SSL, is introduced, where the unannotated data might contain samples from unknown classes. In this paper, we propose a novel pseudo-label based approach to tackle SSL in open-world setting. At the core of our method, we utilize sample uncertainty and incorporate prior knowledge about class distribution to generate reliable class-distribution-aware pseudo-labels for unlabeled data belonging to both known and unknown classes. Our extensive experimentation showcases the effectiveness of our approach on several benchmark datasets, where it substantially outperforms the existing state-of-the-art on seven diverse datasets including CIFAR-100 (~17%), ImageNet-100 (~5%), and Tiny ImageNet (~9%). We also highlight the flexibility of our approach in solving novel class discovery task, demonstrate its stability in dealing with imbalanced data, and complement our approach with a technique to estimate the number of novel classes

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Tasks

Novel Class DiscoveryOpen-World Semi-Supervised LearningPseudo Label

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning CIFAR-10 TRSSL (ResNet-18) All accuracy (10% Labeled) 92.2 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning CIFAR-10 TRSSL (ResNet-18) Novel accuracy (10% Labeled) 89.6 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning CIFAR-10 TRSSL (ResNet-18) Seen accuracy (10% Labeled) 94.9 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning CIFAR-100 TRSSL (ResNet-18) All accuracy (10% Labeled) 60.3 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning CIFAR-100 TRSSL (ResNet-18) Novel accuracy (10% Labeled) 52.1 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning CIFAR-100 TRSSL (ResNet-18) Seen accuracy (10% Labeled) 68.5 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning ImageNet-100 (TEMI Split) TRSSL (ResNet-50) All accuracy (10% Labeled) 75.4 #5 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning ImageNet-100 (TEMI Split) TRSSL (ResNet-50) Novel accuracy (10% Labeled) 67.8 #5 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning ImageNet-100 (TEMI Split) TRSSL (ResNet-50) Seen accuracy (10% Labeled) 82.6 #5 of 5 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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