Papers › Token Turing Machines

Token Turing Machines

16 Nov 2022CVPR 2023 1arXiv:2211.09119archive 2025-07-28

Michael S. Ryoo, Keerthana Gopalakrishnan, Kumara Kahatapitiya, Ted Xiao, Kanishka Rao, Austin Stone, Yao Lu, Julian Ibarz, Anurag Arnab

We propose Token Turing Machines (TTM), a sequential, autoregressive Transformer model with memory for real-world sequential visual understanding. Our model is inspired by the seminal Neural Turing Machine, and has an external memory consisting of a set of tokens which summarise the previous history (i.e., frames). This memory is efficiently addressed, read and written using a Transformer as the processing unit/controller at each step. The model's memory module ensures that a new observation will only be processed with the contents of the memory (and not the entire history), meaning that it can efficiently process long sequences with a bounded computational cost at each step. We show that TTM outperforms other alternatives, such as other Transformer models designed for long sequences and recurrent neural networks, on two real-world sequential visual understanding tasks: online temporal activity detection from videos and vision-based robot action policy learning. Code is publicly available at: https://github.com/google-research/scenic/tree/main/scenic/projects/token_turing

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Code

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Tasks

Action DetectionActivity Detection

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Action Detection Charades TTM mAP 28.79 #1 of 16 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBPEContent-based AttentionDense ConnectionsDropoutLSTMLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerLocation-based AttentionMulti-Head AttentionNeural Turing MachinePosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSigmoid ActivationSoftmaxTanh ActivationTransformer

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