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The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. VI. The Fundamental Properties of 1000+ Ultracool Dwarfs and Planetary-mass Objects Using Optical to Mid-IR SEDs and Comparison to BT-Settl and ATMO 2020 Model Atmospheres
Aniket Sanghi, Michael C. Liu, William M. Best, Trent J. Dupuy, Robert J. Siverd, Zhoujian Zhang, Spencer A. Hurt, Eugene A. Magnier, Kimberly M. Aller, Niall R. Deacon
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We derive the bolometric luminosities (L_(bol)) of 865 field-age and 189 young ultracool dwarfs (spectral types M6-T9, including 40 new discoveries presented here) by directly integrating flux-calibrated optical to mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The SEDs consist of low-resolution (R∼ 150) near-IR (0.8-2.5 μm) spectra (including new spectra for 97 objects), optical photometry from the Pan-STARRS1 survey, and mid-IR photometry from the CatWISE2020 survey and Spitzer/IRAC. Our L_(bol) calculations benefit from recent advances in parallaxes from Gaia, Spitzer, and UKIRT, as well as new parallaxes for 19 objects from CFHT and Pan-STARRS1 presented here. Coupling our L_(bol) measurements with a new uniform age analysis for all objects, we estimate substellar masses, radii, surface gravities, and effective temperatures (T_(eff)) using evolutionary models. We construct empirical relationships for L_(bol) and T_(eff) as functions of spectral type and absolute magnitude, determine bolometric corrections in optical and infrared bandpasses, and study the correlation between evolutionary model-derived surface gravities and near-IR gravity classes. Our sample enables a detailed characterization of BT-Settl and ATMO 2020 atmospheric model systematics as a function of spectral type and position in the near-IR color-magnitude diagram. We find the greatest discrepancies between atmospheric and evolutionary model-derived T_(eff) (up to 800 K) and radii (up to 2.0 R_(Jup)) at the M/L transition boundary. With 1054 objects, this work constitutes the largest sample to date of ultracool dwarfs with determinations of their fundamental parameters.
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