Papers › The Cosmic Evolution of CIV Absorbers at 1.4<z<4.5: Insights from 100,000 Systems in...
The Cosmic Evolution of CIV Absorbers at 1.4<z<4.5: Insights from 100,000 Systems in DESI Quasars
Abhijeet Anand, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, D. Bianchi, A. Brodzeller, D. Brooks, R. Canning, T. Claybaugh, A. Cuceu, A. de la Macorra, P. Doel, S. Ferraro, A. Font-Ribera, J. E. Forero-Romero, E. Gaztañaga, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, G. Gutierrez, J. Guy, H. K. Herrera-Alcantar, M. Ishak, S. Juneau, R. Kehoe, A. Kremin, M. Landriau, L. Le Guillou, M. E. Levi, M. Manera, A. Meisner, R. Miquel, J. Moustakas, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, L. Napolitano, I. Pérez-Ràfols, G. Rossi, E. Sanchez, D. Schlegel, M. Schubnell, D. Sprayberry, G. Tarlé, M. J. Temple, B. A. Weaver, R. Zhou
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We present the largest catalog to date of triply ionized carbon (CIV) absorbers detected in quasar spectra from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. Using an automated matched-kernel convolution method with adaptive signal-to-noise thresholds, we identify 101,487 CIV systems in the redshift range 1.4 < z < 4.5 from 300,637 quasar spectra. Completeness is estimated via Monte Carlo simulations and catalog is 50% complete at EW_(CIV) ≥0.4 Angstroms. The differential equivalent width frequency distribution declines exponentially and shows weak redshift evolution. The absorber incidence per unit comoving path increases by a factor of 2-5 from z ≈4.5 to z ≈1.4, with stronger redshift evolution for strong systems. Using column densities derived from the apparent optical depth method, we constrain the cosmic mass density of CIV, Ω_(CIV), which increases by a factor of ∼3.8 from (0.82 ±0.05) ×10⁻⁸ at z ≈4.5 to (3.16 ±0.2) ×10⁻⁸ at z ≈1.4. From Ω_(CIV), we estimate a lower limit on intergalactic medium metallicity log(Z_(IGM)/Z_⊙) ≳-3.25 at z ∼2.3, with a smooth decline at higher redshifts. These trends trace the cosmic star formation history and HeII photoheating rate, suggesting a link between CIV enrichment, star formation, and UV background over ∼3 Gyr. The catalog also provides a critical resource for future studies connecting circumgalactic metals to galaxy evolution, especially near cosmic noon.
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