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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR6 and DESI: Structure formation over cosmic time with a measurement of the cross-correlation of CMB Lensing and Luminous Red Galaxies
Joshua Kim, Noah Sailer, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Simone Ferraro, Irene Abril-Cabezas, Jessica Nicole Aguilar, Steven Ahlen, J. Richard Bond, David Brooks, Etienne Burtin, Erminia Calabrese, Shi-Fan Chen, Steve K. Choi, Todd Claybaugh, Omar Darwish, Axel de la Macorra, Joseph DeRose, Mark Devlin, Arjun Dey, Peter Doel, Jo Dunkley, Carmen Embil-Villagra, Gerrit S. Farren, Andreu Font-Ribera, Jaime E. Forero-Romero, Enrique Gaztañaga, Vera Gluscevic, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Julien Guy, Klaus Honscheid, Cullan Howlett, David Kirkby, Theodore Kisner, Anthony Kremin, Martin Landriau, Laurent Le Guillou, Michael E. Levi, Niall MacCrann, Marc Manera, Gabriela A. Marques, Aaron Meisner, Ramon Miquel, Kavilan Moodley, John Moustakas, Laura B. Newburgh, Jeffrey A. Newman, Gustavo Niz, John Orlowski-Scherer, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Will J. Percival, Francisco Prada, Frank J. Qu, Graziano Rossi, Eusebio Sanchez, Emmanuel Schaan, Edward F. Schlafly, David Schlegel, Michael Schubnell, Neelima Sehgal, Hee-Jung Seo, Shabbir Shaikh, Blake D. Sherwin, Cristóbal Sifón, David Sprayberry, Suzanne T. Staggs, Gregory Tarlé, Alexander van Engelen, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Lukas Wenzl, Martin White, Edward J. Wollack, Christophe Yèche, Hu Zou
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We present a high-significance cross-correlation of CMB lensing maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) with spectroscopically calibrated luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We detect this cross-correlation at a significance of 38σ; combining our measurement with the Planck Public Release 4 (PR4) lensing map, we detect the cross-correlation at 50σ. Fitting this jointly with the galaxy auto-correlation power spectrum to break the galaxy bias degeneracy with σ₈, we perform a tomographic analysis in four LRG redshift bins spanning 0.4 ≤z ≤1.0 to constrain the amplitude of matter density fluctuations through the parameter combination S₈^× = σ₈ (Ωₘ / 0.3)^(0.4). Prior to unblinding, we confirm with extragalactic simulations that foreground biases are negligible and carry out a comprehensive suite of null and consistency tests. Using a hybrid effective field theory (HEFT) model that allows scales as small as kₘₐₓ=0.6 h/Mpc, we obtain a 3.3% constraint on S₈^× = σ₈ (Ωₘ / 0.3)^(0.4) = 0.792^(+0.024)_(-0.028) from ACT data, as well as constraints on S₈^×(z) that probe structure formation over cosmic time. Our result is consistent with the early-universe extrapolation from primary CMB anisotropies measured by Planck PR4 within 1.2σ. Jointly fitting ACT and Planck lensing cross-correlations we obtain a 2.7% constraint of S₈^× = 0.776^(+0.019)_(-0.021), which is consistent with the Planck early-universe extrapolation within 2.1σ, with the lowest redshift bin showing the largest difference in mean. The latter may motivate further CMB lensing tomography analyses at z<0.6 to assess the impact of potential systematics or the consistency of the ΛCDM model over cosmic time.
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