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SweCTRL-Mini: a data-transparent Transformer-based large language model for controllable text generation in Swedish

27 Apr 2023arXiv:2304.13994archive 2025-07-28

Dmytro Kalpakchi, Johan Boye

We present SweCTRL-Mini, a large Swedish language model that can be used for inference and fine-tuning on a single consumer-grade GPU. The model is based on the CTRL architecture by Keskar, McCann, Varshney, Xiong, and Socher (2019), which means that users of the SweCTRL-Mini model can control the genre of the generated text by inserting special tokens in the generation prompts. SweCTRL-Mini is trained on a subset of the Swedish part of the mC4 corpus and a set of Swedish novels. In this article, we provide (1) a detailed account of the utilized training data and text pre-processing steps, to the extent that it is possible to check whether a specific phrase/source was a part of the training data, and (2) an evaluation of the model on both discriminative tasks, using automatic evaluation methods, and generative tasks, using human referees. We also compare the generative capabilities of the model with those of GPT-3. SweCTRL-Mini is fully open and available for download.

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Language ModelingLanguage ModellingLarge Language ModelText Generation

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AdaGradAdamAttentionAttention DropoutBPECTRLCosine AnnealingDense ConnectionsDropoutGPT-3Gradient ClippingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerLinear WarmupLinear Warmup With Cosine AnnealingMulti-Head AttentionReLUResidual ConnectionSoftmaxWeight Decay

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