Papers › Sub-token ViT Embedding via Stochastic Resonance Transformers

Sub-token ViT Embedding via Stochastic Resonance Transformers

6 Oct 2023arXiv:2310.03967archive 2025-07-28

Dong Lao, Yangchao Wu, Tian Yu Liu, Alex Wong, Stefano Soatto

Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures represent images as collections of high-dimensional vectorized tokens, each corresponding to a rectangular non-overlapping patch. This representation trades spatial granularity for embedding dimensionality, and results in semantically rich but spatially coarsely quantized feature maps. In order to retrieve spatial details beneficial to fine-grained inference tasks we propose a training-free method inspired by "stochastic resonance". Specifically, we perform sub-token spatial transformations to the input data, and aggregate the resulting ViT features after applying the inverse transformation. The resulting "Stochastic Resonance Transformer" (SRT) retains the rich semantic information of the original representation, but grounds it on a finer-scale spatial domain, partly mitigating the coarse effect of spatial tokenization. SRT is applicable across any layer of any ViT architecture, consistently boosting performance on several tasks including segmentation, classification, depth estimation, and others by up to 14.9% without the need for any fine-tuning.

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Depth EstimationDepth PredictionImage RetrievalObject DiscoveryQuantizationSemantic SegmentationSemi-Supervised Video Object SegmentationVideo Object SegmentationVideo Semantic Segmentation

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Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBASEBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformer

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