Papers › Split-and-Bridge: Adaptable Class Incremental Learning within a Single Neural Network

Split-and-Bridge: Adaptable Class Incremental Learning within a Single Neural Network

3 Jul 2021arXiv:2107.01349archive 2025-07-28

Jong-Yeong Kim, Dong-Wan Choi

Continual learning has been a major problem in the deep learning community, where the main challenge is how to effectively learn a series of newly arriving tasks without forgetting the knowledge of previous tasks. Initiated by Learning without Forgetting (LwF), many of the existing works report that knowledge distillation is effective to preserve the previous knowledge, and hence they commonly use a soft label for the old task, namely a knowledge distillation (KD) loss, together with a class label for the new task, namely a cross entropy (CE) loss, to form a composite loss for a single neural network. However, this approach suffers from learning the knowledge by a CE loss as a KD loss often more strongly influences the objective function when they are in a competitive situation within a single network. This could be a critical problem particularly in a class incremental scenario, where the knowledge across tasks as well as within the new task, both of which can only be acquired by a CE loss, is essentially learned due to the existence of a unified classifier. In this paper, we propose a novel continual learning method, called Split-and-Bridge, which can successfully address the above problem by partially splitting a neural network into two partitions for training the new task separated from the old task and re-connecting them for learning the knowledge across tasks. In our thorough experimental analysis, our Split-and-Bridge method outperforms the state-of-the-art competitors in KD-based continual learning.

PaperPDFCodeCode Syntology ran

In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

For agents, Syntology's MCP tool lists every function and class Syntology harvested from this paper and whether it ran (how to connect): get_harvested_code_for_paper(arxiv_id="2107.01349")

Code

Syntology Ran 1 of 5 code samples harvested from 1 repository linked to this paper; 4 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 1 ran with no contract checked.

By repository: official repository: 5 samples from 1 repository, 1 ran. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.

bigdata-inha/Split-and-Bridge officialmentioned in paperpytorch report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

5 samples harvested; 1 ran; 0 honoured the contract we drafted; 4 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

1ran
4unverified

Licence: 5 of the 5 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.

Harvested from bigdata-inha/Split-and-Bridge. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized input. It does not mean the output is correct, and nothing here reproduces the paper's results. “Honoured” and “violated” refer to a contract Syntology drafted from the code itself; “our draft was wrong” and “fixture could not drive it” are failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code.

Each sample ends with its code_sha256, Syntology's identity for that exact code. An agent fetches the stored sample with Syntology's MCP tool get_code(code_sha256="…") (how to connect); click an identity to copy that call.

Repository labels, per sample. official repository: The archive marks this repository official for the paper. named in the paper: The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official. community (archive-listed): In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper. found in paper text by Syntology: Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted. community: Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested. Samples from a repository marked official are listed first. Licence labels name the repository's licence as recorded at harvest. “Pointer only” means Syntology does not serve that copy's text, for one of four reasons: no licence file was found; the licence was not identified; the licence is recorded as permissive but that copy's record is not marked cleared; or the licence is outside the permissive list Syntology serves text under (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD and similar). Some licences outside that list permit redistribution, such as WTFPL, and GPL-3.0 under its conditions; they are simply not on the list. Hover a licence label for the reason. File links open the file on GitHub at the default branch, which may have changed since the harvest.

ResidualBlockGroup bigdata-inha/Split-and-Bridge/networks/resnet_split.py official repository ran no licence file found · pointer only · 77c7c37a0ab2dba0 · report
RegularizedLinear bigdata-inha/Split-and-Bridge/networks/resnet_split.py official repository unverified no licence file found · pointer only · 9ed1e62117ea2f4f · report
ResNet bigdata-inha/Split-and-Bridge/networks/resnet_split.py official repository unverified no licence file found · pointer only · 2df0996031318eba · report
ResidualBlock bigdata-inha/Split-and-Bridge/networks/resnet_split.py official repository unverified no licence file found · pointer only · e355035ab1e7afa2 · report
WeightRegularized bigdata-inha/Split-and-Bridge/networks/resnet_split.py official repository unverified no licence file found · pointer only · f561922745367666 · report

Tasks

Class Incremental LearningContinual LearningIncremental LearningKnowledge Distillationclass-incremental learning

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Class Incremental Learning cifar100 S&B 10-stage average accuracy 68.18 #1 of 7 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Knowledge Distillation

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections