Papers › Signal Is Harder To Learn Than Bias: Debiasing with Focal Loss

Signal Is Harder To Learn Than Bias: Debiasing with Focal Loss

31 May 2023arXiv:2305.19671archive 2025-07-28

Moritz Vandenhirtz, Laura Manduchi, Ričards Marcinkevičs, Julia E. Vogt

Spurious correlations are everywhere. While humans often do not perceive them, neural networks are notorious for learning unwanted associations, also known as biases, instead of the underlying decision rule. As a result, practitioners are often unaware of the biased decision-making of their classifiers. Such a biased model based on spurious correlations might not generalize to unobserved data, leading to unintended, adverse consequences. We propose Signal is Harder (SiH), a variational-autoencoder-based method that simultaneously trains a biased and unbiased classifier using a novel, disentangling reweighting scheme inspired by the focal loss. Using the unbiased classifier, SiH matches or improves upon the performance of state-of-the-art debiasing methods. To improve the interpretability of our technique, we propose a perturbation scheme in the latent space for visualizing the bias that helps practitioners become aware of the sources of spurious correlations.

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