Papers › Shadows in the Dark: Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
Shadows in the Dark: Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
D. Tanoglidis, A. Drlica-Wagner, K. Wei, T. S. Li, F. J. Sánchez, Y. Zhang, A. H. G. Peter, A. Feldmeier-Krause, J. Prat, K. Casey, A. Palmese, C. Sánchez, J. DeRose, C. Conselice, L. Gagnon, T. M. C. Abbott, M. Aguena, S. Allam, S. Avila, K. Bechtol, E. Bertin, S. Bhargava, D. Brooks, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, C. Chang, M. Costanzi, L. N. da Costa, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, P. Doel, T. F. Eifler, S. Everett, A. E. Evrard, B. Flaugher, J. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, D. W. Gerdes, R. A. Gruendl, J. Gschwend, G. Gutierrez, W. G. Hartley, D. L. Hollowood, D. Huterer, D. J. James, E. Krause, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, M. A. G. Maia, M. March, J. L. Marshall, F. Menanteau, R. Miquel, R. L. C. Ogando, F. Paz-Chinchón, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, S. Serrano, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, E. Suchyta, G. Tarle, D. Thomas, D. L. Tucker, A. R. Walker
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We present a catalog of 23,790 extended low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) identified in ∼5000 ² from the first three years of imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Based on a single-component S\'ersic model fit, we define extended LSBGs as galaxies with g-band effective radii R_(eff)(g) > 2.5″ and mean surface brightness μ̅_(eff)(g) > 24.2 mag ȧrcsec⁻². We find that the distribution of LSBGs is strongly bimodal in (g-r) vs.\ (g-i) color space. We divide our sample into red (g-i ≥0.60) and blue (g-i<0.60) galaxies and study the properties of the two populations. Redder LSBGs are more clustered than their blue counterparts and are correlated with the distribution of nearby (z < 0.10) bright galaxies. Red LSBGs constitute ∼33% of our LSBG sample, and ∼30% of these are located within 1 deg of low-redshift galaxy groups and clusters (compared to ∼8% of the blue LSBGs). For nine of the most prominent galaxy groups and clusters, we calculate the physical properties of associated LSBGs assuming a redshift derived from the host system. In these systems, we identify 41 objects that can be classified as ultra-diffuse galaxies, defined as LSBGs with projected physical effective radii R_(eff) > 1.5 kpc and central surface brighthness μ₀(g) > 24.0 mag arcsec⁻². The wide-area sample of LSBGs in DES can be used to test the role of environment on models of LSBG formation and evolution.
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