Papers › Self-Testing of a Single Quantum System: Theory and Experiment
Self-Testing of a Single Quantum System: Theory and Experiment
Xiao-Min Hu, Yi Xie, Atul Singh Arora, Ming-Zhong Ai, Kishor Bharti, Jie Zhang, Wei Wu, Ping-Xing Chen, Jin-Ming Cui, Bi-Heng Liu, Yun-Feng Huang, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo, Jérémie Roland, Adán Cabello, Leong-Chuan Kwek
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Certifying individual quantum devices with minimal assumptions is crucial for the development of quantum technologies. Here, we investigate how to leverage single-system contextuality to realize self-testing. We develop a robust self-testing protocol based on the simplest contextuality witness for the simplest contextual quantum system, the Klyachko-Can-Binicio\u{g}lu-Shumovsky (KCBS) inequality for the qutrit. We establish a lower bound on the fidelity of the state and the measurements (to an ideal configuration) as a function of the value of the witness under a pragmatic assumption on the measurements we call the KCBS orthogonality condition. We apply the method in an experiment with randomly chosen measurements on a single trapped ⁴⁰Ca^+ and near-perfect detection efficiency. The observed statistics allow us to self-test the system and provide the first experimental demonstration of quantum self-testing of a single system. Further, we quantify and report that deviations from our assumptions are minimal, an aspect previously overlooked by contextuality experiments.
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