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Search for gravitational waves from high-mass-ratio compact-binary mergers of stellar mass and sub-solar mass black holes
Alexander Harvey Nitz, Yi-Fan Wang
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We present the first search for gravitational waves from the coalescence of stellar mass and sub-solar mass black holes with masses between 20 - 100 M_⊙ and $0.01 - 1~\mathrm{M}_{\odot}~(10 - 10³~\mathrm{M}_{J})$, respectively. The observation of a single sub-solar mass black hole would establish the existence of primordial black holes and a possible component of dark matter. We search the $\sim 164$ days of public LIGO data from 2015-2017 when LIGO-Hanford and LIGO-Livingston were simultaneously observing. We find no significant candidate gravitational-wave signals. Using this non-detection, we place a 90% upper limit on the rate of 30-0.01 M_⊙ and 30-0.1 M_⊙ mergers at <1.2×10⁶ and <1.6×10⁴ Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹, respectively. If we consider binary formation through direct gravitational-wave braking, this kind of merger would be exceedingly rare if only the lighter black hole were primordial in origin (<10⁻⁴ Gpc⁻³yr⁻¹). If both black holes are primordial in origin, we constrain the contribution of 1 (0.1) M_⊙ black holes to dark matter to < 0.3 (3)%.
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