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Sciences with the 2.5-meter Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST)

13 Jun 2023arXiv:2306.07590links table onlyarchive 2025-07-28

WFST Collaboration, Tinggui Wang, Guilin Liu, Zhenyi Cai, Jinjun Geng, Min Fang, Haoning He, Ji-an Jiang, Ning Jiang, Xu Kong, Bin Li, Ye Li, Wentao Luo, Zhizheng Pan, Xuefeng Wu, Ji Yang, Jiming Yu, Xianzhong Zheng, Qingfeng Zhu, Yi-Fu Cai, Yuanyuan Chen, Zhiwei Chen, Zigao Dai, Lulu Fan, Yizhong Fan, Wenjuan Fang, Zhicheng He, Lei Hu, Maokai Hu, Zhiping Jin, Zhibo Jiang, Guoliang Li, Fan Li, Xuzhi Li, Runduo Liang, Zheyu Lin, Qingzhong Liu, Wenhao Liu, Zhengyan Liu, Wei Liu, Yao Liu, Zheng Lou, Han Qu, Zhenfeng Sheng, Jianchun Shi, Yiping Shu, Zhenbo Su, Tianrui Sun, Hongchi Wang, Huiyuan Wang, Jian Wang, Junxian Wang, Daming Wei, Junjie Wei, Yongquan Xue, Jingzhi Yan, Chao Yang, Ye Yuan, Yefei Yuan, Hongxin Zhang, Miaomiao Zhang, Haibin Zhao, Wen Zhao

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The Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) is a dedicated photometric surveying facility being built jointly by the University of Science and Technology of China and the Purple Mountain Observatory. It is equipped with a 2.5-meter diameter primary mirror, an active optics system, and a mosaic CCD camera with 0.73 gigapixels on the primary focal plane for high-quality image capture over an FOV of 6.5-square-degree. It is anticipated that WFST will be set up at the Lenghu site in the summer of 2023 and begin to observe the northern sky in four optical bands (u, g, r, and i) with a range of cadences, from hourly/daily in the Deep High-Cadence Survey (DHS) program to semiweekly in the Wide-Field Survey (WFS) program, three months later. During a photometric night, a nominal 30 s exposure in the WFS program will reach a depth of 22.27, 23.32, 22.84, and 22.31 (AB magnitudes) in these four bands, respectively, allowing for the detection of a tremendous amount of transients in the low-z universe and a systematic investigation of the variability of Galactic and extragalactic objects. In the DHS program, intranight 90 s exposures as deep as 23 (u) and 24 mag (g), in combination with target of opportunity follow-ups, will provide a unique opportunity to explore energetic transients in demand for high sensitivities, including the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events, supernovae within a few hours of their explosions, tidal disruption events and fast, luminous optical transients even beyond a redshift of unity. In addition, the final 6-year co-added images, anticipated to reach g=25.8 mag in WFS or 1.5 mags deeper in DHS, will be of fundamental importance to general Galactic and extragalactic science. The highly uniform legacy surveys of WFST will serve as an indispensable complement to those of LSST that monitor the southern sky.

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