Papers › ReCo: Region-Controlled Text-to-Image Generation

ReCo: Region-Controlled Text-to-Image Generation

23 Nov 2022CVPR 2023 1arXiv:2211.15518archive 2025-07-28

Zhengyuan Yang, JianFeng Wang, Zhe Gan, Linjie Li, Kevin Lin, Chenfei Wu, Nan Duan, Zicheng Liu, Ce Liu, Michael Zeng, Lijuan Wang

Recently, large-scale text-to-image (T2I) models have shown impressive performance in generating high-fidelity images, but with limited controllability, e.g., precisely specifying the content in a specific region with a free-form text description. In this paper, we propose an effective technique for such regional control in T2I generation. We augment T2I models' inputs with an extra set of position tokens, which represent the quantized spatial coordinates. Each region is specified by four position tokens to represent the top-left and bottom-right corners, followed by an open-ended natural language regional description. Then, we fine-tune a pre-trained T2I model with such new input interface. Our model, dubbed as ReCo (Region-Controlled T2I), enables the region control for arbitrary objects described by open-ended regional texts rather than by object labels from a constrained category set. Empirically, ReCo achieves better image quality than the T2I model strengthened by positional words (FID: 8.82->7.36, SceneFID: 15.54->6.51 on COCO), together with objects being more accurately placed, amounting to a 20.40% region classification accuracy improvement on COCO. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ReCo can better control the object count, spatial relationship, and region attributes such as color/size, with the free-form regional description. Human evaluation on PaintSkill shows that ReCo is +19.28% and +17.21% more accurate in generating images with correct object count and spatial relationship than the T2I model.

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Tasks

Conditional Text-to-Image SynthesisImage GenerationLayout-to-Image GenerationText to Image GenerationText-to-Image Generation

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Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Conditional Text-to-Image Synthesis COCO-MIG ReCo instance success rate 0.55 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Conditional Text-to-Image Synthesis COCO-MIG ReCo mIoU 0.49 #2 of 5 Archive leaderboard report
Layout-to-Image Generation LayoutBench ReCo AP 7.6 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Layout-to-Image Generation LayoutBench-COCO - Combination ReCo AP 18.7 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Layout-to-Image Generation LayoutBench-COCO - Number ReCo AP 30.9 #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Layout-to-Image Generation LayoutBench-COCO - Position ReCo AP 36.4 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Layout-to-Image Generation LayoutBench-COCO - Size ReCo AP 24.1 #3 of 4 Archive leaderboard report

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