Papers › ReClor: A Reading Comprehension Dataset Requiring Logical Reasoning

ReClor: A Reading Comprehension Dataset Requiring Logical Reasoning

11 Feb 2020ICLR 2020 1arXiv:2002.04326archive 2025-07-28

Weihao Yu, Zi-Hang Jiang, Yanfei Dong, Jiashi Feng

Recent powerful pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable performance on most of the popular datasets for reading comprehension. It is time to introduce more challenging datasets to push the development of this field towards more comprehensive reasoning of text. In this paper, we introduce a new Reading Comprehension dataset requiring logical reasoning (ReClor) extracted from standardized graduate admission examinations. As earlier studies suggest, human-annotated datasets usually contain biases, which are often exploited by models to achieve high accuracy without truly understanding the text. In order to comprehensively evaluate the logical reasoning ability of models on ReClor, we propose to identify biased data points and separate them into EASY set while the rest as HARD set. Empirical results show that state-of-the-art models have an outstanding ability to capture biases contained in the dataset with high accuracy on EASY set. However, they struggle on HARD set with poor performance near that of random guess, indicating more research is needed to essentially enhance the logical reasoning ability of current models.

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Tasks

Logical ReasoningLogical Reasoning Question AnsweringLogical Reasoning Reading ComprehensionMachine Reading ComprehensionQuestion AnsweringReading Comprehension

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

ReClor

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy 56.0 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy (easy) 75.7 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy (hard) 40.5 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy 55.6 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy (easy) 75.5 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy (hard) 40.0 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor BERT-large Accuracy 49.8 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor BERT-large Accuracy (easy) 72.0 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Logical Reasoning Question Answering ReClor BERT-large Accuracy (hard) 32.3 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy 56.0 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy (easy) 75.7 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy (hard) 40.5 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy 55.6 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy (easy) 75.5 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy (hard) 40.0 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor BERT-large Accuracy 49.8 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor BERT-large Accuracy (easy) 72.0 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Reading Comprehension ReClor BERT-large Accuracy (hard) 32.3 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy 56.0 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy (easy) 75.7 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor XLNet-large Accuracy (hard) 40.5 #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy 55.6 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy (easy) 75.5 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor RoBERTa-large Accuracy (hard) 40.0 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor BERT-large Accuracy 49.8 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor BERT-large Accuracy (easy) 72.0 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering ReClor BERT-large Accuracy (hard) 32.3 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Reading Comprehension ReClor XLNet-large Test 56.0 #30 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Reading Comprehension ReClor XLNet-base Test 50.4 #32 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Reading Comprehension ReClor RoBERTa-base Test 48.5 #35 of 39 Archive leaderboard report
Reading Comprehension ReClor BERT-base Test 47.3 #36 of 39 Archive leaderboard report

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