Papers › Random Feature Attention

Random Feature Attention

3 Mar 2021ICLR 2021 1arXiv:2103.02143archive 2025-07-28

Hao Peng, Nikolaos Pappas, Dani Yogatama, Roy Schwartz, Noah A. Smith, Lingpeng Kong

Transformers are state-of-the-art models for a variety of sequence modeling tasks. At their core is an attention function which models pairwise interactions between the inputs at every timestep. While attention is powerful, it does not scale efficiently to long sequences due to its quadratic time and space complexity in the sequence length. We propose RFA, a linear time and space attention that uses random feature methods to approximate the softmax function, and explore its application in transformers. RFA can be used as a drop-in replacement for conventional softmax attention and offers a straightforward way of learning with recency bias through an optional gating mechanism. Experiments on language modeling and machine translation demonstrate that RFA achieves similar or better performance compared to strong transformer baselines. In the machine translation experiment, RFA decodes twice as fast as a vanilla transformer. Compared to existing efficient transformer variants, RFA is competitive in terms of both accuracy and efficiency on three long text classification datasets. Our analysis shows that RFA's efficiency gains are especially notable on long sequences, suggesting that RFA will be particularly useful in tasks that require working with large inputs, fast decoding speed, or low memory footprints.

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Tasks

Language ModelingLanguage ModellingMachine TranslationText ClassificationTranslationtext-classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Language Modelling WikiText-103 Rfa-Gate-Gaussian-Stateful (Big) Test perplexity 23.5 #52 of 89 Archive leaderboard report
Language Modelling WikiText-103 Rfa-Gate-Gaussian-Stateful (Big) Validation perplexity 22 #52 of 89 Archive leaderboard report
Language Modelling WikiText-103 Rfa-Gate-Gaussian-Stateful (Small) Test perplexity 30.5 #70 of 89 Archive leaderboard report
Language Modelling WikiText-103 Rfa-Gate-Gaussian-Stateful (Small) Validation perplexity 29.4 #70 of 89 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Translation IWSLT2014 German-English Rfa-Gate-arccos BLEU score 34.4 #28 of 34 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Translation WMT2014 English-French Rfa-Gate-arccos BLEU score 39.2 #39 of 57 Archive leaderboard report
Machine Translation WMT2014 English-German Rfa-Gate-arccos BLEU score 28.2 #47 of 91 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

Softmax

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