Papers › QANet: Combining Local Convolution with Global Self-Attention for Reading Comprehension
QANet: Combining Local Convolution with Global Self-Attention for Reading Comprehension
Adams Wei Yu, David Dohan, Minh-Thang Luong, Rui Zhao, Kai Chen, Mohammad Norouzi, Quoc V. Le
Current end-to-end machine reading and question answering (Q\&A) models are primarily based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with attention. Despite their success, these models are often slow for both training and inference due to the sequential nature of RNNs. We propose a new Q\&A architecture called QANet, which does not require recurrent networks: Its encoder consists exclusively of convolution and self-attention, where convolution models local interactions and self-attention models global interactions. On the SQuAD dataset, our model is 3x to 13x faster in training and 4x to 9x faster in inference, while achieving equivalent accuracy to recurrent models. The speed-up gain allows us to train the model with much more data. We hence combine our model with data generated by backtranslation from a neural machine translation model. On the SQuAD dataset, our single model, trained with augmented data, achieves 84.6 F1 score on the test set, which is significantly better than the best published F1 score of 81.8.
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Code
Syntology Ran 7 of 19 code samples harvested from 6 repositories linked to this paper; 12 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 3 ran · honoured contract; 3 ran · our draft was wrong; 1 ran · fixture could not drive it.
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Code Syntology ran Syntology
19 samples harvested; 7 ran; 3 honoured the contract we drafted; 12 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.
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Tasks
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Question Answering | SQuAD1.1 | QANet + data augmentation ×3 | EM | 76.2 | #111 of 213 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Question Answering | SQuAD1.1 | QANet + data augmentation ×3 | F1 | 84.6 | #111 of 213 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Question Answering | SQuAD1.1 dev | QANet (data aug x3) | EM | 75.1 | #27 of 55 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Question Answering | SQuAD1.1 dev | QANet (data aug x3) | F1 | 83.8 | #27 of 55 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Question Answering | SQuAD1.1 dev | QANet (data aug x2) | EM | 74.5 | #28 of 55 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Question Answering | SQuAD1.1 dev | QANet (data aug x2) | F1 | 83.2 | #28 of 55 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Question Answering | SQuAD1.1 dev | QANet | EM | 73.6 | #30 of 55 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Question Answering | SQuAD1.1 dev | QANet | F1 | 82.7 | #30 of 55 | Archive leaderboard | report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
Methods
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