Papers › PromptNER: Prompting For Named Entity Recognition

PromptNER: Prompting For Named Entity Recognition

24 May 2023arXiv:2305.15444archive 2025-07-28

Dhananjay Ashok, Zachary C. Lipton

In a surprising turn, Large Language Models (LLMs) together with a growing arsenal of prompt-based heuristics now offer powerful off-the-shelf approaches providing few-shot solutions to myriad classic NLP problems. However, despite promising early results, these LLM-based few-shot methods remain far from the state of the art in Named Entity Recognition (NER), where prevailing methods include learning representations via end-to-end structural understanding and fine-tuning on standard labeled corpora. In this paper, we introduce PromptNER, a new state-of-the-art algorithm for few-Shot and cross-domain NER. To adapt to any new NER task PromptNER requires a set of entity definitions in addition to the standard few-shot examples. Given a sentence, PromptNER prompts an LLM to produce a list of potential entities along with corresponding explanations justifying their compatibility with the provided entity type definitions. Remarkably, PromptNER achieves state-of-the-art performance on few-shot NER, achieving a 4% (absolute) improvement in F1 score on the ConLL dataset, a 9% (absolute) improvement on the GENIA dataset, and a 4% (absolute) improvement on the FewNERD dataset. PromptNER also moves the state of the art on Cross Domain NER, outperforming prior methods (including those not limited to the few-shot setting), setting a new mark on 3/5 CrossNER target domains, with an average F1 gain of 3%, despite using less than 2% of the available data.

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Tasks

Few-shot NERNERNamed Entity RecognitionNamed Entity Recognition (NER)SentenceZero-shot Named Entity Recognition (NER)few-shot-nernamed-entity-recognition

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Zero-shot Named Entity Recognition (NER) CrossNER ChatGPT AI 40.7 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-shot Named Entity Recognition (NER) CrossNER ChatGPT Literature 21.3 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-shot Named Entity Recognition (NER) CrossNER ChatGPT Music 24.5 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-shot Named Entity Recognition (NER) CrossNER ChatGPT Politics 20.3 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Zero-shot Named Entity Recognition (NER) CrossNER ChatGPT Science 40.6 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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