Papers › Prompt-based Learning for Text Readability Assessment

Prompt-based Learning for Text Readability Assessment

25 Feb 2023arXiv:2302.13139archive 2025-07-28

Bruce W. Lee, Jason Hyung-Jong Lee

We propose the novel adaptation of a pre-trained seq2seq model for readability assessment. We prove that a seq2seq model - T5 or BART - can be adapted to discern which text is more difficult from two given texts (pairwise). As an exploratory study to prompt-learn a neural network for text readability in a text-to-text manner, we report useful tips for future work in seq2seq training and ranking-based approach to readability assessment. Specifically, we test nine input-output formats/prefixes and show that they can significantly influence the final model performance. Also, we argue that the combination of text-to-text training and pairwise ranking setup 1) enables leveraging multiple parallel text simplification data for teaching readability and 2) trains a neural model for the general concept of readability (therefore, better cross-domain generalization). At last, we report a 99.6% pairwise classification accuracy on Newsela and a 98.7% for OneStopEnglish, through a joint training approach.

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Domain GeneralizationText Simplification

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AdafactorAdamAttentionAttention DropoutBARTBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutGated Linear UnitInverse Square Root ScheduleLSTMLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionResidual ConnectionSentencePieceSeq2SeqSigmoid ActivationSoftmaxT5Tanh ActivationTest

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