Papers › Pretraining boosts out-of-domain robustness for pose estimation

Pretraining boosts out-of-domain robustness for pose estimation

24 Sep 2019arXiv:1909.11229archive 2025-07-28

Alexander Mathis, Thomas Biasi, Steffen Schneider, Mert Yüksekgönül, Byron Rogers, Matthias Bethge, Mackenzie W. Mathis

Neural networks are highly effective tools for pose estimation. However, as in other computer vision tasks, robustness to out-of-domain data remains a challenge, especially for small training sets that are common for real-world applications. Here, we probe the generalization ability with three architecture classes (MobileNetV2s, ResNets, and EfficientNets) for pose estimation. We developed a dataset of 30 horses that allowed for both "within-domain" and "out-of-domain" (unseen horse) benchmarking - this is a crucial test for robustness that current human pose estimation benchmarks do not directly address. We show that better ImageNet-performing architectures perform better on both within- and out-of-domain data if they are first pretrained on ImageNet. We additionally show that better ImageNet models generalize better across animal species. Furthermore, we introduce Horse-C, a new benchmark for common corruptions for pose estimation, and confirm that pretraining increases performance in this domain shift context as well. Overall, our results demonstrate that transfer learning is beneficial for out-of-domain robustness.

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Code

DeepLabCut/DeepLabCut officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubtfLGPL-3.0 report

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Tasks

Animal Pose EstimationBenchmarkingPose EstimationTransfer Learning

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

Horse-10

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Animal Pose Estimation Horse-10 DeepLabCut-EfficientNet-B6 PCK@0.3 (OOD) 88.4 #1 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Animal Pose Estimation Horse-10 DeepLabCut-EfficientNet-B4 PCK@0.3 (OOD) 86.9 #2 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Animal Pose Estimation Horse-10 DeepLabCut-RESNET-101 PCK@0.3 (OOD) 84.3 #3 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Animal Pose Estimation Horse-10 DeepLabCut-RESNET 50 PCK@0.3 (OOD) 81.3 #4 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Animal Pose Estimation Horse-10 DeepLabCut-MOBILENETV2-1 PCK@0.3 (OOD) 77.6 #5 of 8 Archive leaderboard report
Animal Pose Estimation Horse-10 DeepLabCut-MOBILENETV2 0.35 PCK@0.3 (OOD) 63.5 #6 of 8 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

1x1 ConvolutionAverage PoolingBatch NormalizationConvolutionDense ConnectionsDepthwise ConvolutionDepthwise Separable ConvolutionDropoutEfficientNetInverted Residual BlockPointwise ConvolutionRMSPropReLUSigmoid ActivationSqueeze-and-Excitation Block

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