Papers › PixelPyramids: Exact Inference Models from Lossless Image Pyramids

PixelPyramids: Exact Inference Models from Lossless Image Pyramids

17 Oct 2021ICCV 2021 10arXiv:2110.08787archive 2025-07-28

Shweta Mahajan, Stefan Roth

Autoregressive models are a class of exact inference approaches with highly flexible functional forms, yielding state-of-the-art density estimates for natural images. Yet, the sequential ordering on the dimensions makes these models computationally expensive and limits their applicability to low-resolution imagery. In this work, we propose Pixel-Pyramids, a block-autoregressive approach employing a lossless pyramid decomposition with scale-specific representations to encode the joint distribution of image pixels. Crucially, it affords a sparser dependency structure compared to fully autoregressive approaches. Our PixelPyramids yield state-of-the-art results for density estimation on various image datasets, especially for high-resolution data. For CelebA-HQ 1024 x 1024, we observe that the density estimates (in terms of bits/dim) are improved to ~44% of the baseline despite sampling speeds superior even to easily parallelizable flow-based models.

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