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PhotoWCT²: Compact Autoencoder for Photorealistic Style Transfer Resulting from Blockwise Training and Skip Connections of High-Frequency Residuals

22 Oct 2021arXiv:2110.11995archive 2025-07-28

Tai-Yin Chiu, Danna Gurari

Photorealistic style transfer is an image editing task with the goal to modify an image to match the style of another image while ensuring the result looks like a real photograph. A limitation of existing models is that they have many parameters, which in turn prevents their use for larger image resolutions and leads to slower run-times. We introduce two mechanisms that enable our design of a more compact model that we call PhotoWCT², which preserves state-of-art stylization strength and photorealism. First, we introduce blockwise training to perform coarse-to-fine feature transformations that enable state-of-art stylization strength in a single autoencoder in place of the inefficient cascade of four autoencoders used in PhotoWCT. Second, we introduce skip connections of high-frequency residuals in order to preserve image quality when applying the sequential coarse-to-fine feature transformations. Our PhotoWCT² model requires fewer parameters (e.g., 30.3\% fewer) while supporting higher resolution images (e.g., 4K) and achieving faster stylization than existing models.

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