Papers › Estimating Total Lung Volume from Pixel-level Thickness Maps of Chest Radiographs...
Estimating Total Lung Volume from Pixel-level Thickness Maps of Chest Radiographs Using Deep Learning
Tina Dorosti, Manuel Schultheiss, Philipp Schmette, Jule Heuchert, Johannes Thalhammer, Florian T. Gassert, Thorsten Sellerer, Rafael Schick, Kirsten Taphorn, Korbinian Mechlem, Lorenz Birnbacher, Florian Schaff, Franz Pfeiffer, Daniela Pfeiffer
Purpose: To estimate the total lung volume (TLV) from real and synthetic frontal chest radiographs (CXR) on a pixel level using lung thickness maps generated by a U-Net deep learning model. Methods: This retrospective study included 5,959 chest CT scans from two public datasets: the lung nodule analysis 2016 (n=656) and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) pulmonary embolism detection challenge 2020 (n=5,303). Additionally, 72 participants were selected from the Klinikum Rechts der Isar dataset (October 2018 to December 2019), each with a corresponding chest radiograph taken within seven days. Synthetic radiographs and lung thickness maps were generated using forward projection of CT scans and their lung segmentations. A U-Net model was trained on synthetic radiographs to predict lung thickness maps and estimate TLV. Model performance was assessed using mean squared error (MSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and two-sided Student's t-distribution. Results: The study included 72 participants (45 male, 27 female, 33 healthy: mean age 62 years [range 34-80]; 39 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mean age 69 years [range 47-91]). TLV predictions showed low error rates (MSE_(Public-Synthetic)=0.16 L², MSE_(KRI-Synthetic)=0.20 L², MSE_(KRI-Real)=0.35 L²) and strong correlations with CT-derived reference standard TLV (n_(Public-Synthetic)=1,191, r=0.99, P<0.001; n_(KRI-Synthetic)=72, r=0.97, P<0.001; n_(KRI-Real)=72, r=0.91, P<0.001). The Luna16 test data demonstrated the highest performance, with the lowest mean squared error (MSE = 0.09 L²) and strongest correlation (r = 0.99, P <0.001) for TLV estimation. Conclusion: The U-Net-generated pixel-level lung thickness maps successfully estimated TLV for both synthetic and real radiographs.
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