Papers › PENTACLE: Parallelized Particle-Particle Particle-Tree Code for Planet Formation
PENTACLE: Parallelized Particle-Particle Particle-Tree Code for Planet Formation
Masaki Iwasawa, Shoichi Oshino, Michiko S. Fujii, Yasunori Hori
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We have newly developed a Parallelized Particle-Particle Particle-tree code for Planet formation, PENTACLE, which is a parallelized hybrid N-body integrator executed on a CPU-based (super)computer. PENTACLE uses a 4th-order Hermite algorithm to calculate gravitational interactions between particles within a cutoff radius and a Barnes-Hut tree method for gravity from particles beyond. It also implements an open-source library designed for full automatic parallelization of particle simulations, FDPS (Framework for Developing Particle Simulator) to parallelize a Barnes-Hut tree algorithm for a memory-distributed supercomputer. These allow us to handle 1-10 million particles in a high-resolution N-body simulation on CPU clusters for collisional dynamics, including physical collisions in a planetesimal disc. In this paper, we show the performance and the accuracy of PENTACLE in terms of R̃_(cut) and a time-step Δt. It turns out that the accuracy of a hybrid N-body simulation is controlled through Δt / R̃_(cut) and Δt / R̃_(cut) ∼0.1 is necessary to simulate accurately accretion process of a planet for ≥10⁶ years. For all those who interested in large-scale particle simulations, PENTACLE customized for planet formation will be freely available from https://github.com/PENTACLE-Team/PENTACLE under the MIT lisence.
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