Papers › NP-Match: When Neural Processes meet Semi-Supervised Learning

NP-Match: When Neural Processes meet Semi-Supervised Learning

3 Jul 2022arXiv:2207.01066archive 2025-07-28

JianFeng Wang, Thomas Lukasiewicz, Daniela Massiceti, Xiaolin Hu, Vladimir Pavlovic, Alexandros Neophytou

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has been widely explored in recent years, and it is an effective way of leveraging unlabeled data to reduce the reliance on labeled data. In this work, we adjust neural processes (NPs) to the semi-supervised image classification task, resulting in a new method named NP-Match. NP-Match is suited to this task for two reasons. Firstly, NP-Match implicitly compares data points when making predictions, and as a result, the prediction of each unlabeled data point is affected by the labeled data points that are similar to it, which improves the quality of pseudo-labels. Secondly, NP-Match is able to estimate uncertainty that can be used as a tool for selecting unlabeled samples with reliable pseudo-labels. Compared with uncertainty-based SSL methods implemented with Monte Carlo (MC) dropout, NP-Match estimates uncertainty with much less computational overhead, which can save time at both the training and the testing phases. We conducted extensive experiments on four public datasets, and NP-Match outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) results or achieves competitive results on them, which shows the effectiveness of NP-Match and its potential for SSL.

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Tasks

Image ClassificationSemi-Supervised Image Classificationimage-classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Semi-Supervised Image Classification CIFAR-10, 250 Labels NP-Match Percentage error 4.87 #13 of 27 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification CIFAR-10, 40 Labels NP-Match Percentage error 4.91 #3 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification CIFAR-10, 4000 Labels NP-Match Percentage error 4.11±0.02 #11 of 49 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification CIFAR-10, 4000 Labels UPS (wrn-28-2) Percentage error 4.25 #17 of 49 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification CIFAR-100, 2500 Labels NP-Match Percentage error 26.03 #8 of 16 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification CIFAR-100, 400 Labels NP-Match Percentage error 38.67 #10 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification ImageNet - 10% labeled data NP-Match(ResNet-50) Top 1 Accuracy 58.22% #47 of 75 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification STL-10, 1000 Labels NP-Match Accuracy 94.53 #7 of 13 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification STL-10, 40 Labels NP-Match Accuracy 85.8 #4 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Image Classification cifar-100, 10000 Labels NP-Match Percentage error 21.22 #8 of 29 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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