Papers › New constraints on the Bray conservation-of-momentum natal kick model from multiple...
New constraints on the Bray conservation-of-momentum natal kick model from multiple distinct observations
S. M. Richards, J. J. Eldridge, M. M. Briel, H. F. Stevance, R. Willcox
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Natal supernova kicks, the linear momentum compact remnants receive during their formation, are an essential part of binary population synthesis (BPS) models. Although these kicks are well-supported by evidence, their underlying distributions and incorporation into BPS models is uncertain. In this work, we investigate the nature of natal kicks using a previously proposed analytical prescription where the strength of the kick is given by vₖ=α(m_(ejecta))/mᵣₑₘₙₐₙₜ+β km s⁻¹, for free parameters α and β. We vary the free parameters over large ranges of possible values, comparing these synthetic populations simultaneously against four constraints: the merger rate of compact binary neutron star (BNS) systems, the period-eccentricity distribution of galactic BNSs, the velocity distribution of single-star pulsars, and the likelihood for low-ejecta mass supernovae to produce low-velocity kicks. We find that different samples of the parameter space satisfy each tests, and only 1 per cent of the models satisfy all four constraints simultaneously. Although we cannot identify a single best kick model, we report α=115⁺⁴⁰₋₅₅ km s⁻¹, β=15⁺¹⁰₋₁₅ km s⁻¹ as the center of the region of the parameter space that fulfils all of our constraints, and expect β≥0 km s⁻¹ as a further constraint. We also suggest further observations that will enable future refinement of the kick model. A sensitive test for the kick model will be the redshift evolution of the BNS merger rate since this is effectively a direct measure of the delay-time distribution for mergers. For our best fitting values, we find that the peak of the BNS merger rate is the present-day.
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