Papers › Muonic Boson Limits: Supernova Redux
Muonic Boson Limits: Supernova Redux
Andrea Caputo, Georg Raffelt, Edoardo Vitagliano
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We derive supernova (SN) bounds on muon-philic bosons, taking advantage of the recent emergence of muonic SN models. Our main innovations are to consider scalars ϕ in addition to pseudoscalars a and to include systematically the generic two-photon coupling Gᵧᵧ implied by a muon triangle loop. This interaction allows for Primakoff scattering and radiative boson decays. The globular-cluster bound Gᵧᵧ<0.67×10⁻¹⁰ GeV⁻¹ derived for axion-like particles carries over to the muonic Yukawa couplings as gₐ<3.1×10⁻⁹ and g_ϕ< 4.6×10⁻⁹ for m_(a,ϕ)≲100 keV, so SN arguments become interesting mainly for larger masses. If bosons escape freely from the SN core the main constraints originate from SN1987A γ rays and the diffuse cosmic γ-ray background. The latter allows at most 10⁻⁴ of a typical total SN energy of E_(SN)≃3×10⁵³erg to show up as γ rays, for m_(a,ϕ)≳100keV implying gₐ ≲0.9×10⁻¹⁰ and g_ϕ ≲0.4×10⁻¹⁰. In the trapping regime the bosons emerge as quasi-thermal radiation from a region near the neutrino sphere and match L_ν for g_(a,ϕ)≃10⁻⁴. However, the 2γ decay is so fast that all the energy is dumped into the surrounding progenitor-star matter, whereas at most 10⁻²E_(SN) may show up in the explosion. To suppress boson emission below this level we need yet larger couplings, gₐ≳2×10⁻³ and g_ϕ≳4×10⁻³. Muonic scalars can explain the muon magnetic-moment anomaly for g_ϕ≃0.4×10⁻³, a value hard to reconcile with SN physics despite the uncertainty of the explosion-energy bound. For generic axion-like particles, this argument covers the "cosmological triangle" in the Gₐᵧᵧ--mₐ parameter space.
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