Papers › Multi-Perspective Context Matching for Machine Comprehension

Multi-Perspective Context Matching for Machine Comprehension

13 Dec 2016arXiv:1612.04211archive 2025-07-28

Zhiguo Wang, Haitao Mi, Wael Hamza, Radu Florian

Previous machine comprehension (MC) datasets are either too small to train end-to-end deep learning models, or not difficult enough to evaluate the ability of current MC techniques. The newly released SQuAD dataset alleviates these limitations, and gives us a chance to develop more realistic MC models. Based on this dataset, we propose a Multi-Perspective Context Matching (MPCM) model, which is an end-to-end system that directly predicts the answer beginning and ending points in a passage. Our model first adjusts each word-embedding vector in the passage by multiplying a relevancy weight computed against the question. Then, we encode the question and weighted passage by using bi-directional LSTMs. For each point in the passage, our model matches the context of this point against the encoded question from multiple perspectives and produces a matching vector. Given those matched vectors, we employ another bi-directional LSTM to aggregate all the information and predict the beginning and ending points. Experimental result on the test set of SQuAD shows that our model achieves a competitive result on the leaderboard.

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Code

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Tasks

Question AnsweringReading Comprehension

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Open-Domain Question Answering SQuAD1.1 MPCM EM 65.5 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering SQuAD1.1 Multi-Perspective Matching (ensemble) EM 73.765 #133 of 213 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering SQuAD1.1 Multi-Perspective Matching (ensemble) F1 81.257 #133 of 213 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering SQuAD1.1 Multi-Perspective Matching (single model) EM 70.387 #162 of 213 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering SQuAD1.1 Multi-Perspective Matching (single model) F1 78.784 #162 of 213 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering SQuAD1.1 dev MPCM EM 66.1 #44 of 55 Archive leaderboard report
Question Answering SQuAD1.1 dev MPCM F1 75.8 #44 of 55 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

LSTMSigmoid ActivationTanh Activation

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