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MULDE: Multiscale Log-Density Estimation via Denoising Score Matching for Video Anomaly Detection

21 Mar 2024CVPR 2024 1arXiv:2403.14497archive 2025-07-28

Jakub Micorek, Horst Possegger, Dominik Narnhofer, Horst Bischof, Mateusz Kozinski

We propose a novel approach to video anomaly detection: we treat feature vectors extracted from videos as realizations of a random variable with a fixed distribution and model this distribution with a neural network. This lets us estimate the likelihood of test videos and detect video anomalies by thresholding the likelihood estimates. We train our video anomaly detector using a modification of denoising score matching, a method that injects training data with noise to facilitate modeling its distribution. To eliminate hyperparameter selection, we model the distribution of noisy video features across a range of noise levels and introduce a regularizer that tends to align the models for different levels of noise. At test time, we combine anomaly indications at multiple noise scales with a Gaussian mixture model. Running our video anomaly detector induces minimal delays as inference requires merely extracting the features and forward-propagating them through a shallow neural network and a Gaussian mixture model. Our experiments on five popular video anomaly detection benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, both in the object-centric and in the frame-centric setup.

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Tasks

Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Detection In Surveillance VideosDenoisingDensity EstimationVideo Anomaly Detection

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Anomaly Detection CUHK Avenue MULDE-object-centric-micro AUC 94.3% #1 of 35 Archive leaderboard report
Anomaly Detection ShanghaiTech MULDE-object-centric-micro AUC 86.7% #2 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Anomaly Detection ShanghaiTech MULDE-frame-centric-micro AUC 81.3% #17 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Anomaly Detection UBnormal MULDE-frame-centric-micro-one-class-classification AUC 72.8% #2 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Anomaly Detection UCF-Crime MULDE-frame-centric-micro-one-class-classification AUC 78.5% #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Anomaly Detection UCSD Ped2 MULDE-object-centric-micro AUC 99.7% #2 of 14 Archive leaderboard report
Anomaly Detection In Surveillance Videos UCF-Crime MULDE-frame-centric-micro-one-class-classification ROC AUC 78.5% #17 of 21 Archive leaderboard report
Video Anomaly Detection CHUK Avenue MULDE-object-centric-micro AUC 94.3% #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Video Anomaly Detection ShanghaiTech MULDE-object-centric-micro AUC 86.7% #1 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Video Anomaly Detection ShanghaiTech MULDE-frame-centric-micro AUC 81.3% #4 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Video Anomaly Detection UBnormal MULDE-frame-centric-micro-one-class-classification AUC 72.8% #2 of 4 Archive leaderboard report
Video Anomaly Detection UCF-Crime MULDE-frame-centric-micro-one-class-classification AUC 78.5% #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Video Anomaly Detection UCSD Ped2 MULDE-object-centric-micro AUC 99.7% #1 of 3 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

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