Papers › Mogrifier LSTM
Mogrifier LSTM
Gábor Melis, Tomáš Kočiský, Phil Blunsom
Many advances in Natural Language Processing have been based upon more expressive models for how inputs interact with the context in which they occur. Recurrent networks, which have enjoyed a modicum of success, still lack the generalization and systematicity ultimately required for modelling language. In this work, we propose an extension to the venerable Long Short-Term Memory in the form of mutual gating of the current input and the previous output. This mechanism affords the modelling of a richer space of interactions between inputs and their context. Equivalently, our model can be viewed as making the transition function given by the LSTM context-dependent. Experiments demonstrate markedly improved generalization on language modelling in the range of 3-4 perplexity points on Penn Treebank and Wikitext-2, and 0.01-0.05 bpc on four character-based datasets. We establish a new state of the art on all datasets with the exception of Enwik8, where we close a large gap between the LSTM and Transformer models.
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Code
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Tasks
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language Modelling | Hutter Prize | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Bit per Character (BPC) | 0.988 | #3 of 18 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Hutter Prize | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Number of params | 96M | #3 of 18 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Hutter Prize | Mogrifier LSTM | Bit per Character (BPC) | 1.122 | #12 of 18 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Hutter Prize | Mogrifier LSTM | Number of params | 96M | #12 of 18 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Penn Treebank (Character Level) | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Bit per Character (BPC) | 1.083 | #1 of 20 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Penn Treebank (Character Level) | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Number of params | 24M | #1 of 20 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Penn Treebank (Character Level) | Mogrifier LSTM | Bit per Character (BPC) | 1.120 | #2 of 20 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Penn Treebank (Character Level) | Mogrifier LSTM | Number of params | 24M | #2 of 20 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Penn Treebank (Word Level) | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Params | 24M | #4 of 43 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Penn Treebank (Word Level) | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Test perplexity | 44.9 | #4 of 43 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | Penn Treebank (Word Level) | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Validation perplexity | 44.8 | #4 of 43 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | WikiText-2 | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Number of params | 35M | #11 of 38 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | WikiText-2 | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Test perplexity | 38.6 | #11 of 38 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | WikiText-2 | Mogrifier LSTM + dynamic eval | Validation perplexity | 40.2 | #11 of 38 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | WikiText-2 | Mogrifier LSTM | Number of params | 35M | #22 of 38 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | WikiText-2 | Mogrifier LSTM | Test perplexity | 55.1 | #22 of 38 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | WikiText-2 | Mogrifier LSTM | Validation perplexity | 57.3 | #22 of 38 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | enwik8 | Mogrifier LSTM | Bit per Character (BPC) | 1.146 | #30 of 42 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | enwik8 | Mogrifier LSTM | Number of params | 48M | #30 of 42 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | enwik8 | LSTM | Bit per Character (BPC) | 1.195 | #31 of 42 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Language Modelling | enwik8 | LSTM | Number of params | 48M | #31 of 42 | Archive leaderboard | report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
Methods
Introduced by this paper: Mogrifier LSTM
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