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Modeling parity-violating spectra in Galactic dust polarization with filaments and its applications to cosmic birefringence searches
Carlos Hervías-Caimapo, Ari J. Cukierman, Patricia Diego-Palazuelos, Kevin M. Huffenberger, Susan E. Clark
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We extend the dust-filament-based model presented in Herv\'ias-Caimapo & Huffenberger 2022 to produce parity-violating foreground spectra by manipulating the filament orientations relative to the magnetic field. We calibrate our model to observations of the misalignment angle using cross-correlations of Planck and HI 21-cm line data, producing a fiducial model that predicts a 𝒟_ℓᴱᴮ∼few μK² dust signal at 353 GHz and where ∼56% of filaments have a positive misalignment angle. The main purpose of this model is to be used as dust with non-zero parity-violating emission in forecasting a measurement of cosmic birefringence by upcoming experiments. Here, we also use our fiducial model to assess the impact of dust in measurements of the isotropic cosmic birefringence angle β with Planck data by measuring the misalignment angle as a function of scale, as well as directly using our model's 𝒟_ℓᴱᴮ prediction as a template. In both cases, we measure β to be consistent within 0.83σ of the analyses that use the 353 GHz channel of Planck to constrain the filamentary misalignment or that use the commander sky model as a template for the dust 𝒟_ℓᴱᴮ spectrum. We attribute this consistency to the extra degrees of freedom introduced by the ad-hoc amplitude parameters for the dust parity-violating spectrum, which are capable of absorbing most of the differences between the model and data as long as a reasonable dust model is provided.
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