Papers › Missing Modality Robustness in Semi-Supervised Multi-Modal Semantic Segmentation

Missing Modality Robustness in Semi-Supervised Multi-Modal Semantic Segmentation

21 Apr 2023arXiv:2304.10756archive 2025-07-28

Harsh Maheshwari, Yen-Cheng Liu, Zsolt Kira

Using multiple spatial modalities has been proven helpful in improving semantic segmentation performance. However, there are several real-world challenges that have yet to be addressed: (a) improving label efficiency and (b) enhancing robustness in realistic scenarios where modalities are missing at the test time. To address these challenges, we first propose a simple yet efficient multi-modal fusion mechanism Linear Fusion, that performs better than the state-of-the-art multi-modal models even with limited supervision. Second, we propose M3L: Multi-modal Teacher for Masked Modality Learning, a semi-supervised framework that not only improves the multi-modal performance but also makes the model robust to the realistic missing modality scenario using unlabeled data. We create the first benchmark for semi-supervised multi-modal semantic segmentation and also report the robustness to missing modalities. Our proposal shows an absolute improvement of up to 10% on robust mIoU above the most competitive baselines. Our code is available at https://github.com/harshm121/M3L

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Code

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Tasks

Robust Semi-Supervised RGBD Semantic SegmentationSegmentationSemantic SegmentationSemi-Supervised RGBD Semantic SegmentationSemi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

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Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Semantic Segmentation SUN-RGBD DFormer-L Mean IoU (test) 48.17 #44 of 44 Archive leaderboard report
Semantic Segmentation Stanford2D3D - RGBD Linear Fusion (Segformer B2) mIoU 57.16 #4 of 6 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation 2D-3D-S M3L (Linear Fusion B2) mIoU (0.1% labels) 40.05 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation 2D-3D-S M3L (Linear Fusion B2) mIoU (0.2% labels) 44.62 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation 2D-3D-S M3L (Linear Fusion B2) mIoU (1% labels) 49.28 #1 of 1 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation Stanford 2D-3D M3L (Linear Fusion - Segformer B2) MM-Robust mIoU (0.1% labels) 41.36 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation Stanford 2D-3D M3L (Linear Fusion - Segformer B2) mIoU (0.1% labels) 44.1 #1 of 2 Archive leaderboard report
Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation Stanford 2D-3D Mean Teacher (Linear Fusion - Segformer B2) mIoU (0.1% labels) 41.7 #2 of 2 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

Introduced by this paper: M3L

M3LTest

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