Papers › Minimalist and High-Performance Semantic Segmentation with Plain Vision Transformers
Minimalist and High-Performance Semantic Segmentation with Plain Vision Transformers
Yuanduo Hong, Jue Wang, Weichao Sun, Huihui Pan
In the wake of Masked Image Modeling (MIM), a diverse range of plain, non-hierarchical Vision Transformer (ViT) models have been pre-trained with extensive datasets, offering new paradigms and significant potential for semantic segmentation. Current state-of-the-art systems incorporate numerous inductive biases and employ cumbersome decoders. Building upon the original motivations of plain ViTs, which are simplicity and generality, we explore high-performance `minimalist' systems to this end. Our primary purpose is to provide simple and efficient baselines for practical semantic segmentation with plain ViTs. Specifically, we first explore the feasibility and methodology for achieving high-performance semantic segmentation using the last feature map. As a result, we introduce the PlainSeg, a model comprising only three 3×3 convolutions in addition to the transformer layers (either encoder or decoder). In this process, we offer insights into two underlying principles: (i) high-resolution features are crucial to high performance in spite of employing simple up-sampling techniques and (ii) the slim transformer decoder requires a much larger learning rate than the wide transformer decoder. On this basis, we further present the PlainSeg-Hier, which allows for the utilization of hierarchical features. Extensive experiments on four popular benchmarks demonstrate the high performance and efficiency of our methods. They can also serve as powerful tools for assessing the transfer ability of base models in semantic segmentation. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/ydhongHIT/PlainSeg}.
Code
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Tasks
Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semantic Segmentation | PASCAL Context | PlainSeg (EVA-02-L) | mIoU | 71.0 | #2 of 66 | Archive leaderboard | report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
Methods
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