Papers › Max Pooling with Vision Transformers reconciles class and shape in weakly supervised...
Max Pooling with Vision Transformers reconciles class and shape in weakly supervised semantic segmentation
Simone Rossetti, Damiano Zappia, Marta Sanzari, Marco Schaerf, Fiora Pirri
Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) research has explored many directions to improve the typical pipeline CNN plus class activation maps (CAM) plus refinements, given the image-class label as the only supervision. Though the gap with the fully supervised methods is reduced, further abating the spread seems unlikely within this framework. On the other hand, WSSS methods based on Vision Transformers (ViT) have not yet explored valid alternatives to CAM. ViT features have been shown to retain a scene layout, and object boundaries in self-supervised learning. To confirm these findings, we prove that the advantages of transformers in self-supervised methods are further strengthened by Global Max Pooling (GMP), which can leverage patch features to negotiate pixel-label probability with class probability. This work proposes a new WSSS method dubbed ViT-PCM (ViT Patch-Class Mapping), not based on CAM. The end-to-end presented network learns with a single optimization process, refined shape and proper localization for segmentation masks. Our model outperforms the state-of-the-art on baseline pseudo-masks (BPM), where we achieve 69.3% mIoU on PascalVOC 2012 val set. We show that our approach has the least set of parameters, though obtaining higher accuracy than all other approaches. In a sentence, quantitative and qualitative results of our method reveal that ViT-PCM is an excellent alternative to CNN-CAM based architectures.
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Tasks
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Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28
| Task | Dataset | Model | Metric | Value | Rank at snapshot | Leaderboard | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation | COCO 2014 val | ViT-PCM | mIoU | 45.0 | #16 of 39 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation | PASCAL VOC 2012 test | ViT-PCM | Mean IoU | 70.9 | #30 of 60 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation | PASCAL VOC 2012 train | ViT-PCM | Mean IoU | 71.4 | #4 of 4 | Archive leaderboard | report |
| Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation | PASCAL VOC 2012 val | ViT-PCM | Mean IoU | 70.3 | #40 of 73 | Archive leaderboard | report |
Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.
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