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Mastering Strategy Card Game (Legends of Code and Magic) via End-to-End Policy and Optimistic Smooth Fictitious Play

7 Mar 2023arXiv:2303.04096archive 2025-07-28

Wei Xi, Yongxin Zhang, Changnan Xiao, Xuefeng Huang, Shihong Deng, Haowei Liang, Jie Chen, Peng Sun

Deep Reinforcement Learning combined with Fictitious Play shows impressive results on many benchmark games, most of which are, however, single-stage. In contrast, real-world decision making problems may consist of multiple stages, where the observation spaces and the action spaces can be completely different across stages. We study a two-stage strategy card game Legends of Code and Magic and propose an end-to-end policy to address the difficulties that arise in multi-stage game. We also propose an optimistic smooth fictitious play algorithm to find the Nash Equilibrium for the two-player game. Our approach wins double championships of COG2022 competition. Extensive studies verify and show the advancement of our approach.

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Decision MakingDeep Reinforcement Learning

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