Papers › MASS: Masked Sequence to Sequence Pre-training for Language Generation

MASS: Masked Sequence to Sequence Pre-training for Language Generation

7 May 2019arXiv:1905.02450archive 2025-07-28

Kaitao Song, Xu Tan, Tao Qin, Jianfeng Lu, Tie-Yan Liu

Pre-training and fine-tuning, e.g., BERT, have achieved great success in language understanding by transferring knowledge from rich-resource pre-training task to the low/zero-resource downstream tasks. Inspired by the success of BERT, we propose MAsked Sequence to Sequence pre-training (MASS) for the encoder-decoder based language generation tasks. MASS adopts the encoder-decoder framework to reconstruct a sentence fragment given the remaining part of the sentence: its encoder takes a sentence with randomly masked fragment (several consecutive tokens) as input, and its decoder tries to predict this masked fragment. In this way, MASS can jointly train the encoder and decoder to develop the capability of representation extraction and language modeling. By further fine-tuning on a variety of zero/low-resource language generation tasks, including neural machine translation, text summarization and conversational response generation (3 tasks and totally 8 datasets), MASS achieves significant improvements over the baselines without pre-training or with other pre-training methods. Specially, we achieve the state-of-the-art accuracy (37.5 in terms of BLEU score) on the unsupervised English-French translation, even beating the early attention-based supervised model.

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Code

microsoft/MASS officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorchNOASSERTION report
jiaruncao/BioCopyMechanism mentioned on GitHub report
michael-wzhu/mpnet_zh mentioned on GitHubpytorchMIT report
microsoft/MPNet mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
cui0523/Code6 mindspore report

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Tasks

Conversational Response GenerationDecoderLanguage ModelingMachine TranslationResponse GenerationSentenceText GenerationText SummarizationTranslationUnsupervised Machine Translation

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Text Summarization GigaWord MASS ROUGE-1 38.73 #20 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord MASS ROUGE-2 19.71 #20 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Text Summarization GigaWord MASS ROUGE-L 35.96 #20 of 41 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Machine Translation WMT2014 English-French MASS (6-layer Transformer) BLEU 37.5 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Machine Translation WMT2014 French-English MASS (6-layer Transformer) BLEU 34.9 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Machine Translation WMT2016 English-German MASS (6-layer Transformer) BLEU 28.3 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Machine Translation WMT2016 English-Romanian MASS (6-layer Transformer) BLEU 35.2 #3 of 3 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Machine Translation WMT2016 German-English MASS (6-layer Transformer) BLEU 35.2 #2 of 7 Archive leaderboard report
Unsupervised Machine Translation WMT2016 Romanian-English MASS (6-layer Transformer) BLEU 33.1 #2 of 3 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

AdamAttentionAttention DropoutBERTDense ConnectionsDropoutLayer NormalizationLinear LayerLinear Warmup With Linear DecayMulti-Head AttentionResidual ConnectionSoftmaxWeight DecayWordPiece

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