Papers › MasakhaNER: Named Entity Recognition for African Languages

MasakhaNER: Named Entity Recognition for African Languages

22 Mar 2021arXiv:2103.11811archive 2025-07-28

David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Jade Abbott, Graham Neubig, Daniel D'souza, Julia Kreutzer, Constantine Lignos, Chester Palen-Michel, Happy Buzaaba, Shruti Rijhwani, Sebastian Ruder, Stephen Mayhew, Israel Abebe Azime, Shamsuddeen Muhammad, Chris Chinenye Emezue, Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende, Perez Ogayo, Anuoluwapo Aremu, Catherine Gitau, Derguene Mbaye, Jesujoba Alabi, Seid Muhie Yimam, Tajuddeen Gwadabe, Ignatius Ezeani, Rubungo Andre Niyongabo, Jonathan Mukiibi, Verrah Otiende, Iroro Orife, Davis David, Samba Ngom, Tosin Adewumi, Paul Rayson, Mofetoluwa Adeyemi, Gerald Muriuki, Emmanuel Anebi, Chiamaka Chukwuneke, Nkiruka Odu, Eric Peter Wairagala, Samuel Oyerinde, Clemencia Siro, Tobius Saul Bateesa, Temilola Oloyede, Yvonne Wambui, Victor Akinode, Deborah Nabagereka, Maurice Katusiime, Ayodele Awokoya, Mouhamadane MBOUP, Dibora Gebreyohannes, Henok Tilaye, Kelechi Nwaike, Degaga Wolde, Abdoulaye Faye, Blessing Sibanda, Orevaoghene Ahia, Bonaventure F. P. Dossou, Kelechi Ogueji, Thierno Ibrahima DIOP, Abdoulaye Diallo, Adewale Akinfaderin, Tendai Marengereke, Salomey Osei

We take a step towards addressing the under-representation of the African continent in NLP research by creating the first large publicly available high-quality dataset for named entity recognition (NER) in ten African languages, bringing together a variety of stakeholders. We detail characteristics of the languages to help researchers understand the challenges that these languages pose for NER. We analyze our datasets and conduct an extensive empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art methods across both supervised and transfer learning settings. We release the data, code, and models in order to inspire future research on African NLP.

PaperPDFCodeCode Syntology ran

In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

For agents, Syntology's MCP tool lists every function and class Syntology harvested from this paper and whether it ran (how to connect): get_harvested_code_for_paper(arxiv_id="2103.11811")

Code

Syntology Ran 5 of 16 code samples harvested from 2 repositories linked to this paper; 11 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 5 ran · our draft was wrong.

By repository: official repository: 6 samples from 1 repository, 5 ran; community (archive-listed): 10 samples from 1 repository, 0 ran. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.

masakhane-io/masakhane-ner officialmentioned in papermentioned on GitHubpytorch report
michael-beukman/nertransfer mentioned on GitHubpytorchApache-2.0 report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

16 samples harvested; 5 ran; 0 honoured the contract we drafted; 11 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

5ran · our draft was wrong
11unverified

Licence: 6 of the 16 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.

Harvested from 2 repositories linked to this paper, official or community; each sample names its own and says which. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized input. It does not mean the output is correct, and nothing here reproduces the paper's results. “Honoured” and “violated” refer to a contract Syntology drafted from the code itself; “our draft was wrong” and “fixture could not drive it” are failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code.

Each sample ends with its code_sha256, Syntology's identity for that exact code. An agent fetches the stored sample with Syntology's MCP tool get_code(code_sha256="…") (how to connect); click an identity to copy that call.

Repository labels, per sample. official repository: The archive marks this repository official for the paper. named in the paper: The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official. community (archive-listed): In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper. found in paper text by Syntology: Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted. community: Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested. Samples from a repository marked official are listed first. Licence labels name the repository's licence as recorded at harvest. “Pointer only” means Syntology does not serve that copy's text, for one of four reasons: no licence file was found; the licence was not identified; the licence is recorded as permissive but that copy's record is not marked cleared; or the licence is outside the permissive list Syntology serves text under (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD and similar). Some licences outside that list permit redistribution, such as WTFPL, and GPL-3.0 under its conditions; they are simply not on the list. Hover a licence label for the reason. File links open the file on GitHub at the default branch, which may have changed since the harvest.

convert_examples_to_features masakhane-io/masakhane-ner/code/predict_ner.py official repository ran · our draft was wrong licence not identified · pointer only · 366bf9d9c1ffe01e · report
map_task_to_data masakhane-io/masakhane-ner/MasakhaNER2.0/ranking_languages/langrank.py official repository ran · our draft was wrong licence not identified · pointer only · 59f7e84a8e40deed · report
map_task_to_models masakhane-io/masakhane-ner/MasakhaNER2.0/ranking_languages/langrank.py official repository ran · our draft was wrong licence not identified · pointer only · cd55b256a5726cf4 · report
read_examples masakhane-io/masakhane-ner/code/predict_ner.py official repository ran · our draft was wrong fingerprinted licence not identified · pointer only · d6f999d45b668128 · report
read_vocab_file masakhane-io/masakhane-ner/MasakhaNER2.0/ranking_languages/langrank.py official repository ran · our draft was wrong licence not identified · pointer only · 7f352620f4bfd7b0 · report
load_and_cache_examples masakhane-io/masakhane-ner/code/predict_ner.py official repository unverified licence not identified · pointer only · a962fe586a31e797 · report
get_common_things_between_two_langs michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/analysis/v50/statistical_overlap.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · f3323c9c3c5c92a4 · report
get_f1 michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/analysis/v20/base.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · c60cb5d43bb0779f · report
get_hidden_states michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/analysis/v40/embeddings.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 47472e158df3a8ba · report
get_word_idx michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/analysis/v40/embeddings.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 14f54b791055c4c7 · report
get_word_vector michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/analysis/v40/embeddings.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 54cecc912e67b334 · report
load_compressed_pickle michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/analysis/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 842eea7c099f7105 · report
order_columns_of_df michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/analysis/utils.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · d2afa5d042c7a876 · report
pretty michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/analysis/v10/basic_analyse_pretrained_model.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · b655ab126afacd7a · report
read_examples_from_file michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/utils/utils_ner.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · c80e5c9a8ef905bf · report
read_examples_from_file_flexible michael-beukman/nertransfer/src/utils/utils_ner.py community (archive-listed) unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · cad5b48757653160 · report

Tasks

NERNamed Entity RecognitionNamed Entity Recognition (NER)Transfer Learningnamed-entity-recognition

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

MasakhaNER

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

No leaderboard rows for this paper in the archive.

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections