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Long-Tailed Recognition by Mutual Information Maximization between Latent Features and Ground-Truth Labels

2 May 2023arXiv:2305.01160archive 2025-07-28

Min-Kook Suh, Seung-Woo Seo

Although contrastive learning methods have shown prevailing performance on a variety of representation learning tasks, they encounter difficulty when the training dataset is long-tailed. Many researchers have combined contrastive learning and a logit adjustment technique to address this problem, but the combinations are done ad-hoc and a theoretical background has not yet been provided. The goal of this paper is to provide the background and further improve the performance. First, we show that the fundamental reason contrastive learning methods struggle with long-tailed tasks is that they try to maximize the mutual information maximization between latent features and input data. As ground-truth labels are not considered in the maximization, they are not able to address imbalances between class labels. Rather, we interpret the long-tailed recognition task as a mutual information maximization between latent features and ground-truth labels. This approach integrates contrastive learning and logit adjustment seamlessly to derive a loss function that shows state-of-the-art performance on long-tailed recognition benchmarks. It also demonstrates its efficacy in image segmentation tasks, verifying its versatility beyond image classification.

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Tasks

Contrastive LearningImage ClassificationImage SegmentationLong-tail LearningRepresentation LearningSemantic Segmentationimage-classification

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Long-tail Learning CIFAR-100-LT (ρ=10) GML (ResNet-32) Error Rate 33.0 #10 of 31 Archive leaderboard report
Long-tail Learning CIFAR-100-LT (ρ=100) GML (ResNet-32) Error Rate 46.0 #14 of 66 Archive leaderboard report
Long-tail Learning CIFAR-100-LT (ρ=50) GML (ResNet-32) Error Rate 41.9 #11 of 25 Archive leaderboard report
Long-tail Learning ImageNet-LT GML (ResNeXt-50) Top-1 Accuracy 58.8 #19 of 69 Archive leaderboard report
Long-tail Learning iNaturalist 2018 GML (ViT-B-16) Top-1 Accuracy 82.1% #3 of 43 Archive leaderboard report
Long-tail Learning iNaturalist 2018 GML (ResNet-50) Top-1 Accuracy 74.5% #18 of 43 Archive leaderboard report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Contrastive Learning

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