Papers › Learning to learn by gradient descent by gradient descent

Learning to learn by gradient descent by gradient descent

14 Jun 2016NeurIPS 2016 12arXiv:1606.04474archive 2025-07-28

Marcin Andrychowicz, Misha Denil, Sergio Gomez, Matthew W. Hoffman, David Pfau, Tom Schaul, Brendan Shillingford, Nando de Freitas

The move from hand-designed features to learned features in machine learning has been wildly successful. In spite of this, optimization algorithms are still designed by hand. In this paper we show how the design of an optimization algorithm can be cast as a learning problem, allowing the algorithm to learn to exploit structure in the problems of interest in an automatic way. Our learned algorithms, implemented by LSTMs, outperform generic, hand-designed competitors on the tasks for which they are trained, and also generalize well to new tasks with similar structure. We demonstrate this on a number of tasks, including simple convex problems, training neural networks, and styling images with neural art.

PaperPDFConference PDFCodeCode Syntology ran

In Syntology Open this paper in Syntology's Atlas, the map of the papers in Syntology's graph and their citations.

For agents, Syntology's MCP tool lists every function and class Syntology harvested from this paper and whether it ran (how to connect): get_harvested_code_for_paper(arxiv_id="1606.04474")

Code

Syntology Ran 4 of 13 code samples harvested from 3 repositories linked to this paper; 9 have no recorded run. Of those that ran: 2 ran · honoured contract; 2 ran · our draft was wrong.

By repository: official repository: 7 samples from 1 repository, 0 ran; community (archive-listed): 6 samples from 2 repositories, 4 ran. The run record, sample by sample. “Ran” means executed on a synthesized input, not that the code is correct or reproduces the paper.

deepmind/learning-to-learn officialmentioned on GitHubtfApache-2.0 report
DeepStudio-TW/LSTM-optimizer mentioned on GitHubtf report
ShuYuHuang/LSTM-optimizer mentioned on GitHubtf report
afoninandrei/opt-ml mentioned on GitHubpytorch report
teddykoker/learning-to-learn-jax mentioned on GitHubjax report
yangsenius/learning-to-learn-by-pytorch mentioned on GitHubpytorch report

Repository list and official/mentioned flags are the archive's, frozen 2025-07-28. Reachability, where shown, is from one Syntology probe window (2026-09-16 to 2026-09-18); repositories not probed show nothing. GitHub stars are not tracked.

Code Syntology ran Syntology

13 samples harvested; 4 ran; 2 honoured the contract we drafted; 9 have no recorded run. Read from Syntology's graph 2026-09-24; that is when this build read the record, not when the samples ran.

2ran · honoured contract
2ran · our draft was wrong
9unverified

Licence: 0 of the 13 samples are pointer only, meaning Syntology does not serve that copy's text. This page shows no code text for any sample; each one links to its file in the repository.

Harvested from 3 repositories linked to this paper, official or community; each sample names its own and says which. “Ran” means the sample executed on a synthesized input. It does not mean the output is correct, and nothing here reproduces the paper's results. “Honoured” and “violated” refer to a contract Syntology drafted from the code itself; “our draft was wrong” and “fixture could not drive it” are failures of Syntology's instrument, not of the code.

Each sample ends with its code_sha256, Syntology's identity for that exact code. An agent fetches the stored sample with Syntology's MCP tool get_code(code_sha256="…") (how to connect); click an identity to copy that call.

Repository labels, per sample. official repository: The archive marks this repository official for the paper. named in the paper: The archive records that the paper mentions this repository; it is not marked official. community (archive-listed): In the archive's code links for this paper, not marked official and not recorded as mentioned in the paper. found in paper text by Syntology: Syntology found this repository in the paper's own text; whether it is the authors' implementation is not asserted. community: Not in the archive's code links for this paper; a community repository Syntology harvested. Samples from a repository marked official are listed first. Licence labels name the repository's licence as recorded at harvest. “Pointer only” means Syntology does not serve that copy's text, for one of four reasons: no licence file was found; the licence was not identified; the licence is recorded as permissive but that copy's record is not marked cleared; or the licence is outside the permissive list Syntology serves text under (MIT, Apache-2.0, BSD and similar). Some licences outside that list permit redistribution, such as WTFPL, and GPL-3.0 under its conditions; they are simply not on the list. Hover a licence label for the reason. File links open the file on GitHub at the default branch, which may have changed since the harvest.

ensemble deepmind/learning-to-learn/problems.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · b69df76f969a0132 · report
factory deepmind/learning-to-learn/networks.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · ea2e402a00d255b0 · report
get_default_net_config deepmind/learning-to-learn/util.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 3b0a626884ce3fe7 · report
get_net_path deepmind/learning-to-learn/util.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 111bd4a379a61c1f · report
quadratic deepmind/learning-to-learn/problems.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 78582427a7b893ff · report
run_epoch deepmind/learning-to-learn/util.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 5802125d5f2e3a34 · report
simple_multi_optimizer deepmind/learning-to-learn/problems.py official repository unverified Apache-2.0 (permissive) · 2e3ea0020c003c64 · report
RMS yangsenius/learning-to-learn-by-pytorch/learning_to_learn.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 51aa3978682adacb · report
SGD yangsenius/learning-to-learn-by-pytorch/learning_to_learn.py community (archive-listed) ran · honoured contract MIT (permissive) · 5618ad88931a7126 · report
f yangsenius/learning-to-learn-by-pytorch/learning_to_learn.py community (archive-listed) ran · honoured contract fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · 6f7f03d4cde2161b · report
to_var chenwydj/learning-to-learn-by-gradient-descent-by-gradient-descent/meta_module.py community (archive-listed) ran · our draft was wrong fingerprinted MIT (permissive) · a2f6a25906e664c5 · report
conv1x1 chenwydj/learning-to-learn-by-gradient-descent-by-gradient-descent/resnet_meta.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · 1c29584b2939883a · report
conv3x3 chenwydj/learning-to-learn-by-gradient-descent-by-gradient-descent/resnet_meta.py community (archive-listed) unverified MIT (permissive) · f743b7e6cb381d7e · report

Tasks

Meta-Learning

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

No leaderboard rows for this paper in the archive.

Report a problem or propose a change · a person checks every report against the paper or source before anything changes; decisions are listed on /corrections