Papers › Learning Natural Language Inference using Bidirectional LSTM model and Inner-Attention

Learning Natural Language Inference using Bidirectional LSTM model and Inner-Attention

30 May 2016arXiv:1605.09090archive 2025-07-28

Yang Liu, Chengjie Sun, Lei Lin, Xiaolong Wang

In this paper, we proposed a sentence encoding-based model for recognizing text entailment. In our approach, the encoding of sentence is a two-stage process. Firstly, average pooling was used over word-level bidirectional LSTM (biLSTM) to generate a first-stage sentence representation. Secondly, attention mechanism was employed to replace average pooling on the same sentence for better representations. Instead of using target sentence to attend words in source sentence, we utilized the sentence's first-stage representation to attend words appeared in itself, which is called "Inner-Attention" in our paper . Experiments conducted on Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) Corpus has proved the effectiveness of "Inner-Attention" mechanism. With less number of parameters, our model outperformed the existing best sentence encoding-based approach by a large margin.

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Code

Smerity/keras_snli mentioned on GitHub report

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Tasks

Natural Language InferenceSentence

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

TaskDatasetModelMetricValueRank at snapshotLeaderboardReport
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders with intra-attention and symbolic preproc. % Test Accuracy 85.0 #74 of 98 Archive leaderboard report
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders with intra-attention and symbolic preproc. % Train Accuracy 85.9 #74 of 98 Archive leaderboard report
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders with intra-attention and symbolic preproc. Parameters 2.8m #74 of 98 Archive leaderboard report
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders with intra-attention % Test Accuracy 84.2 #81 of 98 Archive leaderboard report
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders with intra-attention % Train Accuracy 84.5 #81 of 98 Archive leaderboard report
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders with intra-attention Parameters 2.8m #81 of 98 Archive leaderboard report
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders % Test Accuracy 83.3 #85 of 98 Archive leaderboard report
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders % Train Accuracy 86.4 #85 of 98 Archive leaderboard report
Natural Language Inference SNLI 600D (300+300) BiLSTM encoders Parameters 2.0m #85 of 98 Archive leaderboard report

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Methods

Average Pooling

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