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Investigating Shallow and Deep Learning Techniques for Emotion Classification in Short Persian Texts

16 Dec 2023Journal of AI and Data Mining 2023 12archive 2025-07-28

Mahdi Rasouli, Vahid Kiani

The identification of emotions in short texts of low-resource languages poses a significant challenge, requiring specialized frameworks and computational intelligence techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of shallow and deep learning methods for emotion detection in short Persian texts. Shallow learning methods employ feature extraction and dimension reduction to enhance classification accuracy. On the other hand, deep learning methods utilize transfer learning and word embedding, particularly BERT, to achieve high classification accuracy. A Persian dataset called "ShortPersianEmo" is introduced to evaluate the proposed methods, comprising 5472 diverse short Persian texts labeled in five main emotion classes. The evaluation results demonstrate that transfer learning and BERT-based text embedding perform better in accurately classifying short Persian texts than alternative approaches. The dataset of this study ShortPersianEmo will be publicly available online at https://github.com/vkiani/ShortPersianEmo.

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Code

vkiani/ShortPersianEmo mentioned in paper report

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Tasks

Deep Learning Dimensionality Reduction Emotion Classification Transfer Learning

Datasets

Introduced by this paper, per the archive.

ShortPersianEmo

Results from the paper archive 2025-07-28

Task	Dataset	Model	Metric	Value	Rank at snapshot	Leaderboard	Report
Emotion Classification	ArmanEmo	Deep ParsBERT	Macro F1	0.65	#1 of 1	Archive leaderboard	report
Emotion Classification	ShortPersianEmo	Deep ParsBERT	Macro F1	0.71	#1 of 1	Archive leaderboard	report

Ranks are positions in the archive's leaderboards as they stood at the 2025-07-28 snapshot. Results published since then are not among these rows, so a rank here is not a current standing.

Methods

Adam Attention Attention Dropout BERT Dense Connections Dropout Layer Normalization Linear Layer Linear Warmup With Linear Decay Multi-Head Attention Residual Connection Softmax Weight Decay WordPiece

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