Papers › Investigating OCR-Sensitive Neurons to Improve Entity Recognition in Historical Documents

Investigating OCR-Sensitive Neurons to Improve Entity Recognition in Historical Documents

25 Sep 2024arXiv:2409.16934archive 2025-07-28

Emanuela Boros, Maud Ehrmann

This paper investigates the presence of OCR-sensitive neurons within the Transformer architecture and their influence on named entity recognition (NER) performance on historical documents. By analysing neuron activation patterns in response to clean and noisy text inputs, we identify and then neutralise OCR-sensitive neurons to improve model performance. Based on two open access large language models (Llama2 and Mistral), experiments demonstrate the existence of OCR-sensitive regions and show improvements in NER performance on historical newspapers and classical commentaries, highlighting the potential of targeted neuron modulation to improve models' performance on noisy text.

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Tasks

NERNamed Entity RecognitionNamed Entity Recognition (NER)Optical Character Recognition (OCR)named-entity-recognition

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Methods

Absolute Position EncodingsAdamAttentionBPEDense ConnectionsDropoutLabel SmoothingLayer NormalizationLinear LayerMulti-Head AttentionPosition-Wise Feed-Forward LayerResidual ConnectionSoftmaxTransformer

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