Papers › Hints of a Local Matter Underdensity or Modified Gravity in the Low z Pantheon data
Hints of a Local Matter Underdensity or Modified Gravity in the Low z Pantheon data
L. Kazantzidis, L. Perivolaropoulos
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A redshift tomography of the Pantheon type Ia supernovae (SnIa) data focusing on the best fit value of the absolute magnitude M and/or Hubble constant H₀ in the context of ΛCDM indicates a local variation (z≲0.2) at 2σ level, with respect to the best fit of the full dataset. If this variation is physical, it can be interpreted either as a locally higher value of H₀, corresponding to a local matter underdensity δρ₀/ρ₀ ≃-0.10 ±0.04 or as a time variation of Newton's constant which implies an evolving Chandrasekhar mass and thus an evolving absolute magnitude M of SnIa. The local void scenario would predict an anisotropy in the best fit value of H₀ since it is unlikely that we are located at the center of a local spherical underdensity. Using a hemisphere comparison method we find an anisotropy level consistent with simulated isotropic datasets. We show however, that the anisotropic sky distribution of the Pantheon SnIa data induces a preferred range of directions even in simulated Pantheon data obtained in the context of isotropic ΛCDM. We thus construct a more isotropically distributed subset of the Pantheon SnIa and show that the preferred range of directions disappears. Using this subset we again find no evidence for anisotropy using either the hemisphere comparison method or the dipole fit method. In the context of the modified gravity scenario, we allow for an evolving normalized Newton's constant consistent with General Relativity (GR) at early and late times μ(z)=1+gₐ z²/(1+z)²-gₐ z⁴/(1+z)⁴ and fit for gₐ assuming L∼G_(eff)ᵇ. For b=-3/2 indicated by previous studies we find gₐ=-0.47 ±0.36 which is more than 1.5σ away from the GR value of gₐ=0. This weak hint for weaker gravity at low z is consistent with similar evidence from growth and weak lensing data.
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